Bovine tuberculosis surveillance alternatives in Belgium

Welby, Sarah; Govaerts, Marc; Vanholme, L.; Hooyberghs, J.; Mennens, K.; Maes, Leen; Stede, Yves Van der

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.02.010

Cited by 20 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This was particularly significant in the case of slaughterhouse inspection, since a very large range of values of inspection sensitivity has been estimated in different contexts, from 0.1 to 0.65 (Asseged et al, 2004;Fischer et al, 2005;Smith et al, 2013;Welby et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, on-farm test sensitivity can be substantially smaller than in controlled laboratory experiment trials as other factors than the imperfect nature of the test may affect test outcome, such as the training level, care and experience of the veterinarian and the actual protocol used. Therefore, following Welby et al (2012), we simulated the uncertainty in test sensitivities by randomly drawing sensitivity values from a beta distribution with mean 0.60 and coefficient of variation 0.10. Analogously to Barlow et al (1997), we assumed a reduction of test sensitivity in infective but not infectious animals (mean value 0.54).…”

Section: Assessment Of the Surveillance Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analogously to Barlow et al (1997), we assumed a reduction of test sensitivity in infective but not infectious animals (mean value 0.54). Sensitivity of postmortem inspection at the slaughterhouses can also be very variable (Asseged et al, 2004;Fischer et al, 2005;Smith et al, 2013;Welby et al, 2012). Therefore, similarly to Welby et al (2012), we simulated the uncertainty in post-mortem inspection as a beta distribution with mean 0.60 and coefficient of variation 0.10 (with a reduction of sensitivity for exposed animals as in tuberculin skin-test).…”

Section: Assessment Of the Surveillance Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiological modelling for the assessment of bovine tuberculosis surveillance in the dairy farm network in Emilia-Romagna (Italy)

et al. 2015

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Assessing the performance of a surveillance system for infectious diseases of domestic animals is a challenging task for health authorities. Therefore, it is important to assess what strategy is the most effective in identifying the onset of an epidemic and in minimizing the number of infected farms. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the performance of the bovine tuberculosis (bTB) surveillance system in the network of dairy farms in the Emilia-Romagna (ER) Region, Italy. A bTB-free Region since 2007, ER implements an integrated surveillance strategy based on three components, namely routine on-farm tuberculin skin-testing performed every 3 years, tuberculin skin-testing of cattle exchanged between farms, and post-mortem inspection at slaughterhouses. We assessed the effectiveness of surveillance by means of a stochastic network model of both within-farm and between-farm bTB dynamics calibrated on data available for ER dairy farms. Epidemic dynamics were simulated for five scenarios: the current ER surveillance system, a no surveillance scenario that we used as the benchmark to characterize epidemic dynamics, three additional scenarios in which one of the surveillance components was removed at a time so as to outline its significance in detecting the infection. For each scenario we ran Monte Carlo simulations of bTB epidemics following the random introduction of an infected individual in the network. System performances were assessed through the comparative analysis of a number of statistics, including the time required for epidemic detection and the total number of infected farms during the epidemic. Our analysis showed that slaughterhouse inspection is the most effective surveillance component in reducing the time for disease detection, while routine surveillance in reducing the number of multi-farms epidemics. On the other hand, testing exchanged cattle improved the performance of the surveillance system only marginally.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessment Of the Surveillance Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessment Of the Surveillance Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiological modelling for the assessment of bovine tuberculosis surveillance in the dairy farm network in Emilia-Romagna (Italy)

et al. 2015

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“…The suitability of slaughterhouse surveillance for bTB has recently been compared with other surveillance components in Belgium, which is an OTF country (Welby et al, 2012). The authors analysed four different active surveillance components for bTB in a stochastic scenario tree simulation model.…”

Section: 5mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the simulations and the results of the external validation model, it was concluded that surveillance by MI provides the best sensitivity for Belgium. The large sampling coverage was considered an important factor in explaining the high sensitivity of this component (Welby et al, 2012).…”

Section: 5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the public health hazards to be covered by inspection of meat (bovine animals)

2013

EFSA Journal

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A risk ranking process identified Salmonella spp. and pathogenic verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) as current high-priority biological hazards for meat inspection of bovine animals. As these hazards are not detected by traditional meat inspection, a meat safety assurance system for the farm-to-chilled carcass continuum using a risk-based approach was proposed. Key elements of the system are risk-categorisation of slaughter animals for high-priority biological hazards based on improved food chain information, as well as risk-categorisation of slaughterhouses according to their capability to control those hazards. Omission of palpation and incision during post-mortem inspection for animals subjected to routine slaughter may decrease spreading and cross-contamination with the high-priority biological hazards. For chemical hazards, dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls were ranked as being of high potential concern; all other substances were SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ) was asked to deliver a Scientific Opinion on the public health hazards to be covered by inspection of meat from several animal species, with the contribution of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) and the Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW). Briefly, the main risks to public health that should be addressed by the meat inspection system were identified and ranked; the strengths and weaknesses of the current meat inspection system were evaluated; recommendations were made for inspection methods addressing hazards not covered by the current meat inspection system; and recommendations for adaptations of inspection methods and/or frequencies of inspection that provide an equivalent level of protection were made. In addition, the implications for animal health and animal welfare of any proposed changes to current inspection methods were assessed. This opinion covers the inspection of meat from bovine animals.The Terms of Reference from the European Commission requested two opinions, one covering bovine animals under six weeks old and the other covering bovine animals over six weeks old. It was determined that within a true risk-based meat inspection concept, it is not necessary to design and apply a separate meat inspection system for individual bovine species or farming systems or animal age categories. Rather, a universal meat inspection framework can be designed and applied that would allow risk categorisation of animals based on individual farm-related food chain information (FCI), which also includes farming system and animal age category components. Furthermore, the available data from the National Residue Control Programmes (NRCPs) do not readily discriminate between the two age groups. Therefore, the assessment did not differentiate between these two age groups in terms of biological hazards, chemical residues and contaminants, and subsequently a single opinion is provided.Decision trees were developed and used for pr...

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Comparative assessment of postmortem inspection and immunochromatographic techniques for the detection of bovine tuberculosis in slaughter cattle in Nigeria

Okoro

Anosa

Oboegbulem

et al. 2014

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Animals with tuberculosis pose some risks to humans, especially in developing countries of the world. In this study, postmortem inspection (PMI) and immunochromatographic assay (ICA) techniques were compared for the detection of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in slaughter cattle in Enugu State, Nigeria using culture as the gold standard. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January-June, 2011 on animals presented at four purposively selected slaughterhouses in the study area, involving a total of 500 randomly selected animals. Blood samples were collected from the jugular veins of selected animals and serum samples harvested for ICA. Thorough PMI was carried out and tissue samples from the lung, liver, intestine, and lymph nodes were collected, with or without lesions for culture; from the animals examined, culture detected 11 positive cases giving a prevalence rate of 2.2 %, whereas PMI detected 22 positive cases including 7 (out of the 11) positive cases detected by culture, giving a prevalence rate of 4.4 %. Fifteen of the cases detected as positive by PMI were negative by culture. Therefore, the sensitivity and specificity of PMI were 64 and 97 %, respectively. ICA detected 59 positive cases including 10 of the 11 positive cases detected by culture, hence, a prevalence rate of 11.8 %. Forty-nine of the cases detected as positive by ICA were negative by culture. Hence, the sensitivity and specificity of ICA were 91 and 90 %, respectively. In conclusion, the performance of ICA was found sufficiently high to support its use in BTB surveillance and control in cattle in Enugu State, Nigeria.

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Bovine tuberculosis surveillance alternatives in Belgium

Cited by 20 publications

References 22 publications

Epidemiological modelling for the assessment of bovine tuberculosis surveillance in the dairy farm network in Emilia-Romagna (Italy)

Epidemiological modelling for the assessment of bovine tuberculosis surveillance in the dairy farm network in Emilia-Romagna (Italy)

Scientific Opinion on the public health hazards to be covered by inspection of meat (bovine animals)

Comparative assessment of postmortem inspection and immunochromatographic techniques for the detection of bovine tuberculosis in slaughter cattle in Nigeria

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