Bovine Tuberculosis in the Republic of Macedonia: Postmortem, Microbiological and Molecular Study in Slaughtered Reactor Cattle

Abstract

Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease in cattle caused mainly by Mycobacterium bovis and to a lesser extent by Mycobacterium caprae. The other members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) can also cause the disease in domestic and wild animals and all of them have a zoonotic potential. The main purpose of the study was to determine the presence and distribution of the tuberculous lesions in reactor cattle, and to isolate and identify the causative agents of bovine tuberculosis in the Republic of Macedonia. Lymph nodes and affected organs from 188 reactor cattle slaughtered due to a positive intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin test were analyzed by detection of tuberculous lesions, followed by isolation and molecular identification of the isolated mycobacteria. The isolation was performed on selective mediaLowenstein Jensen with glycerol, Lowenstein Jensen without glycerol and Stonebrink medium supplemented with pyruvate. The molecular identification of the MTBC members was performed by analysis of the Regions of difference (RD1, RD9 and RD4) and detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the lepA gene for Mycobacterium caprae. Typical tuberculous lesions were detected in 62 animals (33.0%) and the lesions were most prevalent in the mediastinal lymph nodes (47.5%). The isolated mycobacteria in the MTBC were identified as Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae and were found in both animals with visible lesions (82.2%) and animals without visible lesions (27.7%). The slaughterhouse postmortem examinations and laboratory investigations should be included on regular bases in order to improve the National eradication program.

"Abattoir and Bovine Tuberculosis as a Reemerging Foodborne Disease"

“…Mycobacterium bovis has been isolated from domestic animals as cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, equines, camels, deer, antelopes, dogs, cats, and animals [73][74][75][76]. Bovinetuberculosis as reemerging foodborne disease is an infectious disease [77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84]. Most cases of human tuberculosis are caused by the bacterial species, Mycobacterium tuberculosis.…”

“…The definitive Detection is confirmed by bacterial culture and identification in the laboratory [77,78]. The recommended detection methods of Bovine tuberculosis as reemerging foodborne disease, including the procedures for manufacturing and administering bovine tuberculin [84,85]. Public health risk of Bovine tuberculosis as reemerging foodborne disease.…”

The Role of Myofibroblasts in Granulomatous Lymphadenitis in Pigs Naturally Infected with M. Avium Subsp. Hominissuis

“…Finally, immunoreactivity of TGF-β1 decreases with the progression fibrosis in granuloma (18). TGF-β1 is also considered responsible for reduced sensitivity to INF-γ in human infections caused by MAC and experimental infection with M. bovis in cattle (11,18,21). Immunohistochemistry of lung granuloma reveals the location of TGF-β primarily in giant cells of Langerhans type, and to a lesser extent in other macrophages (18).…”

MicroRNAs: exploring their role in farm animal disease and mycotoxin challenges

“…TB in cattle is a chronic disease mainly caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, primarily M. bovis , M. caprae , and, to a lesser extent, M. tuberculosis ( 173 ). In vitro study using J774a.1 and murine bone marrow monocyte-derived macrophage (BMDM) cells treated with M. bovis .…”