Bovine tuberculosis: herd-level surveillance of Mycobacterium bovis genotypes in Northern Ireland (2003-2008)

Skuce, Robin; Mallon, TR; McCormick, Carl; McBride, S. H.; Clarke, George L.; Thompson, Alex; Cousens, Chris; Gordon, Alan; McDowell, S.W.J.

doi:10.1017/s2040470010002554

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…To illustrate the differences amongst countries, the national herds are large relative to their area in Britain and Ireland, for example, both the Republic of Ireland and Spain have approximately 6 million cattle ( 109 ), yet Spain is 7.2 times the size of ROI (504,645 Spain/70,273 ROI km 2 ). Research suggests that both the size of herds [e.g., ( 53 )] and the intensity of farming ( 110 ) can be associated with increased risk of bTB breakdown in endemic countries [for reviews see ( 54, 111, 112 )]. Larger herds may constitute greater risk as it may be more difficult to clear infection, once identified within the herd, due to the poor sensitivity of skin tests ( 113 ).…”

Section: Cattle and Husbandrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Small movement networks can contribute to the local risk of bTB ( 121 ), however they also may explain the strong clustering of pathogen genotype patterns at a local level in Northern Ireland ( 54 ). Furthermore, there is a phenomenon of farm fragmentation, whereby herds are made up of a number of spatial fragments.…”

Section: Cattle and Husbandrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite recent advances in epidemiological analyses, molecular typing and whole genome sequencing of M. bovis ( 54, 57, 60 ), surprisingly little is known about the exact transmission mechanisms that spread infection within and between cattle and wildlife populations. Previously, owing to the work of UK government appointed ISG, who administered the Randomised Badger Culling Trial (RBCT) in Britain, it was assumed that direct contact between animals was required to facilitate disease transmission by aerosolised M. bovis bacilli leaving the respiratory tract ( 42 ).The cited evidence for the primacy of this suspected transmission route was the preponderance of tuberculous lesions observed in the upper respiratory tracts of both badgers and cattle that underwent post mortem examination ( 42 , 175 ).…”

Section: Climate and Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bovine Tuberculosis in Britain and Ireland – A Perfect Storm? the Confluence of Potential Ecological and Epidemiological Impediments to Controlling a Chronic Infectious Disease

2018

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Successful eradication schemes for bovine tuberculosis (bTB) have been implemented in a number of European and other countries over the last 50 years. However, the islands of Britain and Ireland remain a significant aberration to this trend, with the recent exception of Scotland. Why have eradication schemes failed within these countries, while apparently similar programs have been successful elsewhere? While significant socio-economic and political factors have been discussed elsewhere as key determinants of disease eradication, here we review some of the potential ecological and epidemiological constraints that are present in these islands relative to other parts of Europe. We argue that the convergence of these potential factors may interact additively to diminish the potential of the present control programs to achieve eradication. Issues identified include heterogeneity of diagnostic testing approaches, the presence of an abundant wildlife reservoir of infection and the challenge of sustainably managing this risk effectively; the nature, size, density and network structure of cattle farming; potential effects of Mycobacterium bovis strain heterogeneity on disease transmission dynamics; possible impacts of concurrent endemic infections on the disclosure of truly infected animals; climatological differences and change coupled with environmental contamination. We further argue that control and eradication of this complex disease may benefit from an ecosystem level approach to management. We hope that this perspective can stimulate a new conversation about the many factors potentially impacting bTB eradication schemes in Britain and Ireland and possibly stimulate new research in the areas identified.

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Section: Cattle and Husbandrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cattle and Husbandrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Climate and Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bovine Tuberculosis in Britain and Ireland – A Perfect Storm? the Confluence of Potential Ecological and Epidemiological Impediments to Controlling a Chronic Infectious Disease

2018

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“…Strains with the same spoligotype are assumed to be individuals recently derived by clonal replication from a single ancestral cell; therefore, epidemiological related strains should have higher genetic similarity than those no related (Rodríguez-Campos et al, 2011;Milián et al, 2016). Furthermore, spoligotyping has been used successfully in epidemiological studies in many countries (Gibson et al, 2004;Parra et al, 2005;Duarte et al, 2010;Rodríguez et al, 2010;Skuce et al, 2010;Ruettger et al, 2012;Mwakapuja et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium bovis in Jalisco, Mexico: Tracing back sources of infection

GonzÃ¡lez-Ruiz¹,

Sosa-Gallegos²,

RodrÃguez-HernÃ¡ndez³

et al. 2018

J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health

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Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a disease of cattle that presents risk to public health, causing severe economic losses to the livestock industry and difficulty in eradication because of its complex epidemiology. The aim of this study was to identify relationships between Mycobacterium bovis strains from cattle in the State of Jalisco, and those of other States of México. Molecular fingerprints of 337 M. bovis isolates from Jalisco, and 1152 from other States of México were included in the study. Isolates were obtained from tubercles between 1997 and 2015. Evolutionary relationship was determined throughout spoligoforest (www.emi.unsw.edu.au/spoltools/). From 337 isolates from Jalisco, 59 spoligotypes were obtained, ten of them included 48% of all isolates in the state. Five spoligotypes were common to beef and dairy cattle. The molecular analysis showed eight clusters in a philogenetic three: one with three subclusters of nine isolates each, all from dairy cattle; four with two isolates, including dairy and beef cattle. All spoligotypes from Jalisco have been reported in other states, four of the most frequent ones: SB0673, SB0971, SB0669 and SB0140, were the same as in other states. The most frequent spoligotypes of M. bovis found in Jalisco were also the most frequent ones in other parts of Mexico. However, there is no evidence to conclude that Jalisco is the source of infection to other states since no information on movement and destination of cattle could be documented.

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Bovine tuberculosis: herd-level surveillance of Mycobacterium bovis genotypes in Northern Ireland (2003-2008)

Cited by 2 publications

References 3 publications

Bovine Tuberculosis in Britain and Ireland – A Perfect Storm? the Confluence of Potential Ecological and Epidemiological Impediments to Controlling a Chronic Infectious Disease

Bovine Tuberculosis in Britain and Ireland – A Perfect Storm? the Confluence of Potential Ecological and Epidemiological Impediments to Controlling a Chronic Infectious Disease

Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium bovis in Jalisco, Mexico: Tracing back sources of infection

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