Bovine tuberculosis eradication in the United States

Naugle, Alecia Larew; Schoenbaum, Mark A.; Hench, C. William; Henderson, Owen L.; Shere, J. A.

doi:10.1002/9781118474310.ch21

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Pasteurization of milk for human consumption had commenced almost a decade earlier in Chicago and New York, and other major cities, to reduce the risks associated with zoonotic TB and other diseases. Stringent application of the test and slaughter control measures lead to rapid success in controlling the disease and by 1940 prevalence was reduced to < 0.5% in every state (116). Prevalence in livestock was recorded as 0.003% in 1994.…”

Section: Tb In Wildlife In Usamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prevalence in livestock was recorded as 0.003% in 1994. Between 2001 and 2011, 92 US cattle herds were diagnosed as TB infected and several constraints to eradication were identified including changed management practices, importation of infected animals and the emergence of the disease in cervid species, particularly wild white-tailed deer in Michigan and Minnesota (116).…”

Section: Tb In Wildlife In Usamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wild Animal Tuberculosis: Stakeholder Value Systems and Management of Disease

Gormley

Corner

2018

Front. Vet. Sci.

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When human health is put at risk from the transmission of animal diseases, the options for intervention often require input from stakeholders whose differing values systems contribute to decisions on disease management. Animal tuberculosis (TB), caused principally by Mycobacterium bovis is an archetypical zoonotic pathogen in that it can be transmitted from animals to humans and vice versa. Although elimination of zoonotic transmission of TB to humans is frequently promoted as the raison d'être for TB management in livestock, in many countries the control strategies are more likely based on minimizing the impact of sustained infection on the agricultural industry. Where wild animals are implicated in the epidemiology of the disease, the options for control and eradication can require involvement of additional stakeholder groups. Conflict can arise when different monetary and/or societal values are assigned to the affected animals. This may impose practical and ethical dilemmas for decision makers where one or more species of wild animal is seen by some stakeholders to have a greater value than the affected livestock. Here we assess the role of stakeholder values in influencing TB eradication strategies in a number of countries including Ireland, the UK, the USA, Spain, France, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. What it reveals is that the level of stakeholder involvement increases with the complexity of the epidemiology, and that similar groups of stakeholders may agree to a set of control and eradication measures in one region only to disagree with applying the same measures in another. The level of consensus depends on the considerations of the reservoir status of the infected host, the societal values assigned to each species, the type of interventions proposed, ethical issues raised by culling of sentient wild animals, and the economic cost benefit effectiveness of dealing with the problem in one or more species over a long time frame. While there is a societal benefit from controlling TB, the means to achieve this requires identification and long-term engagement with all key stakeholders in order to reach agreement on ethical frameworks that prioritize and justify control options, particularly where culling of wild animals is concerned.

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Section: Tb In Wildlife In Usamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tb In Wildlife In Usamentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild Animal Tuberculosis: Stakeholder Value Systems and Management of Disease

Gormley

Corner

2018

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…The program officially began in 1917; at that time, approximately 1 in 20 cattle were infected with M. bovis (8). Reviews of the program and its progress have been published (9)(10)(11)(12). Current estimates of animal-and herd-level prevalence of M. bovis in the United States are <0.002 and <0.006%, respectively (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human-to-Cattle Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Transmission in the United States

et al. 2021

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The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) species includes both M. tuberculosis, the primary cause of human tuberculosis (TB), and M. bovis, the primary cause of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), as well as other closely related Mycobacterium species. Zoonotic transmission of M. bovis from cattle to humans was recognized more than a century ago, but transmission of MTBC species from humans to cattle is less often recognized. Within the last decade, multiple published reports from around the world describe human-to-cattle transmission of MTBC. Three probable cases of human-to-cattle MTBC transmission have occurred in the United States since 2013. In the first case, detection of active TB disease (M. bovis) in a dairy employee in North Dakota prompted testing and ultimate detection of bTB infection in the dairy herd. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) demonstrated a match between the bTB strain in the employee and an infected cow. North Dakota animal and public health officials concluded that the employee's infection was the most likely source of disease introduction in the dairy. The second case involved a Wisconsin dairy herd with an employee diagnosed with TB disease in 2015. Subsequently, the herd was tested twice with no disease detected. Three years later, a cow originating from this herd was detected with bTB at slaughter. The strain in the slaughter case matched that of the past employee based on WGS. The third case was a 4-month-old heifer calf born in New Mexico and transported to Texas. The calf was TB tested per Texas entry requirements and found to have M. tuberculosis. Humans are the suspected source of M. tuberculosis in cattle; however, public health authorities were not able to identify an infected human associated with the cattle operation. These three cases provide strong evidence of human-to-cattle transmission of MTBC organisms and highlight human infection as a potential source of introduction of MTBC into dairy herds in the United States. To better understand and address the issue, a multisectoral One Health approach is needed, where industry, public health, and animal health work together to better understand the epidemiology and identify preventive measures to protect human and animal health.

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“…In the United States, swine brucellosis has not recently been detected in commercial production swine herds, with the last detection dating back to 2017 (75,76). The National Tuberculosis Eradication program is credited with reducing the prevalence of tuberculosis infection in cattle from 5.0 to less than 0.01% (61,77). The same bacteria that cause bovine tuberculosis can infect pigs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of Visual-Only Swine Inspection in the European Union: Challenges, Opportunities, and Lessons Learned

Riess

Hoelzer

2020

Journal of Food Protection

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Consumption of contaminated meat and poultry products is a major source of foodborne illness in the United States and globally. Meat inspection procedures, established more than a hundred years ago to detect prevailing food safety issues of the time and largely harmonized around the world, do not effectively detect modern hazards and may inadvertently increase food safety risks by spreading contamination across carcasses. Visual-only inspection (VOI) is a modernized meat inspection system that is data-driven and minimizes physical manipulation of the carcass during inspection. It was developed based on scientific evidence and risk assessment and aims to better control current food safety hazards. In 2014, the European Union (EU) became the first supranational government in the world to require VOI for all swine herds slaughtered in Member States that met certain epidemiologic and animal rearing conditions. Here, we review the implementation of this new inspection system with the goal of informing similar modernization efforts in other countries and for other commodities beyond pork. This article reports the results of a literature review and interviews conducted with nine experts in 2018 on the implementation of the EU’s 2014 VOI regulation. Challenges, opportunities, and lessons learned about the implementation of the regulation are described for audiences interested in adapting inspection procedures to prevent and detect modern food safety hazards. Overall, implementation of VOI varies within and across Member States, and among slaughterhouses of different sizes. This variation is due to disease risk patterns, supply chain conditions, and trade barriers. Before transitioning to a similar risk-based inspection system, other countries should consider science-based research agendas to identify what information best predicts herd health and foodborne hazards, regulatory system design that reflects local hazards, and development of targeted VOI educational materials.

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Bovine tuberculosis eradication in the United States

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Wild Animal Tuberculosis: Stakeholder Value Systems and Management of Disease

Wild Animal Tuberculosis: Stakeholder Value Systems and Management of Disease

Human-to-Cattle Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Transmission in the United States

Implementation of Visual-Only Swine Inspection in the European Union: Challenges, Opportunities, and Lessons Learned

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