Bovine tuberculosis: Effect of the tuberculin skin test on in vitro interferon gamma responses

Schiller, Irene; Vordermeier, H. Martin; Waters, W. Ray; Whelan, Adam O.; Coad, Michael; Gormley, Eamonn; Buddle, Bryce M.; Palmer, Mitchell V.; Thacker, Tyler C.; McNair, J.; Welsh, Michael; Hewinson, R. Glyn; Oesch, Bruno

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.02.007

Cited by 65 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Previous published reports on the effect of tuberculin skin testing on in vitro IFN-␥ responses are contradictory (13), highlighting the potential influence of several factors, including the nature of M. bovis infection (e.g., natural versus experimental infection), the route of skin test administration (e.g., caudal fold of the tail versus the neck region), blood storage (e.g., 8 versus 24 h), the diagnostic reagents used in either the skin test or the IFN-␥ test (e.g., tuberculin versus defined antigens), and the readout used to evaluate responses (e.g., measurement of IFN-␥ levels per se versus scoring of test-positive/negative responses). In our study, M. bovis-infected animals showed significant increases in both PPDA-and PPDB-induced IFN-␥ levels 1 week after SICCT skin testing, suggesting that antigens present in the tuberculin reagents used in the skin test were reactivating mycobacterium-specific T cells primed earlier following infection with M. bovis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Tuberculin Skin Testing Boosts Interferon Gamma Responses to DIVA Reagents in Mycobacterium bovis-Infected Cattle

Jones

Coad

Khatri

et al. 2017

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination sensitizes cattle to bovine tuberculin, which compromises the use of the current bovine tuberculosis (TB) surveillance tests. Although the performance of a blood test (that utilizes antigens expressed by Mycobacterium bovis but not by BCG) capable of discriminating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA interferon gamma test [DIT]) has been evaluated in naturally infected TB field reactors, there is a need to perform similar analysis in a BCG-vaccinated M. bovis-infected population. Furthermore, we explored different scenarios under which a DIT may be implemented alongside BCG vaccination: (i) serial testing to resolve potential false-positive skin test results or (ii) a standalone test to replace the single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin (SICCT) skin test. Our results demonstrated significantly better relative test sensitivity when the DIT was evaluated in a serial test scenario. Direct comparison of pre-and post-skin test blood samples revealed that the SICCT test induced significant boosting of the gamma interferon response in M. bovis-infected animals to both the ESAT-6 -CFP-10 and Rv3615c peptide cocktails that comprise the DIT, which persisted for the ESAT-6 -CFP-10 reagent for at least 14 days. Importantly, no similar boosting effects were observed in noninfected BCG vaccinates, suggesting that DIVA blood testing after a recent skin test would have minimal impact on test specificity.KEYWORDS blood test, bovine tuberculosis, DIVA, gamma interferon, Mycobacterium bovis, tuberculin skin test B ovine tuberculosis (TB) in cattle, caused predominantly by infection with Mycobacterium bovis, poses a significant economic animal health problem, where it has been estimated that globally the disease costs $3 billion U.S. annually (1). In Great Britain, bovine TB control measures are based on a test and cull program using the single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin (SICCT) skin test as a primary diagnostic test, but also under certain circumstances the whole-blood interferon gamma (IFN-␥) release assay as an ancillary test to maximize detection of M. bovis-infected cattle. Despite this, the annual number of herd breakdowns remains high in the West of England and Wales, and thus new control strategies, including cattle vaccination, are under consideration. Studies with cattle have shown that M. bovis BCG vaccination significantly protected cattle following experimental infection with M. bovis, with some animals displaying no evidence of disease pathology in either the lungs or associated lymph nodes (2-4). However, these studies also highlight that BCG is not fully protective in all vaccinated animals, and as such, should BCG vaccination be implemented as

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Tuberculin Skin Testing Boosts Interferon Gamma Responses to DIVA Reagents in Mycobacterium bovis-Infected Cattle

Jones

Coad

Khatri

et al. 2017

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…The low sensitivity (ca. ϳ56%) of TST is a concern in controlling bTB, and the impact of the risk factor based on TST results might have been incorrectly extrapolated (53). However, if TST Ϫ cattle are infectious and there are susceptible animals in contact, the neglected animals constitute a real problem (54).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium bovis DNA Detection in Colostrum as a Potential Indicator of Vaccination Effectiveness against Bovine Tuberculosis

Herrera-Rodríguez

Gordiano-Hidalgo

López-Rincón

et al. 2013

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) remains a problem on many dairy farms in Mexico, as well as a public health risk. We previously found a high frequency of Mycobacterium bovis DNA in colostrum from dairy cows using a nested PCR to detect mpb70. Since there are no reliable in vivo tests to determine the effectiveness of booster Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination against bTB, in this work we monitored M. bovis DNA in colostrum by using this nested PCR. In order to decrease the risk of adverse reactions in animals likely containing viable M. bovis, a single application of BCG and a subunit vaccine (EEP-1) formulated with M. bovis culture filtrate proteins (CFP) and a copolymer as the adjuvant was performed in tuberculin skin test-negative cattle (TST ؊ ), while TST reactor animals (TST ؉ ) received EEP-1 only. Booster immunization using EEP-1 was applied to both groups, 2 months after primary vaccination to whole herds and 12 months later to lactating cows. Colostrum samples were collected from 6 farms where the cows were vaccinated over a 12-month period postvaccination and, for comparison, from one control farm where the cows were not vaccinated with comparable bTB prevalence. We observed an inverse relationship between the frequency of M. bovis DNA detection and time postvaccination at the first (P < 0.001) and second (P < 0.0001) 6-month periods. Additionally, the concentration of gamma interferon (IFN-␥) was higher in mpb70 PCR-positive colostrum samples (P ‫؍‬ 0.0003). These results suggest that M. bovis DNA frequency in colostrum could be a potentially useful biomarker for bTB vaccine efficacy on commercial dairy farms.

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“…This zoonotic infection has a significant economic impact and serious implications for human health, especially in developing countries [1]. Most bTB control programs rely on the intradermal tuberculin skin test (TST) to identify infected cattle, which are then culled [2]. In Taiwan, a national bTB eradication programcomprising an annual TST, restriction of animal movement and slaughter of reactor animals-has been implemented since 1947.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of Bovine SLC11A1 (Formerly NRAMP1) Polymorphisms to the Risk of Bovine Tuberculosis in Holstein Cattle

Cheng

Huang²,

Tsai³

2015

J Veterinar Sci Technol

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Many studies suggest significant genetic variation in the resistance of cattle and humans to infection with Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of zoonotic tuberculosis. The natural resistance associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1), encoded by the SLC11A1 gene, plays a key role in the immunological control of a broad spectrum of infectious agents. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the SLC11A1 gene on bovine tuberculosis (bTB) susceptibility. We genotyped the SLC11A1 gene in 60 bTB-infected Holstein cows and 90 healthy control animals. The influence in the exon 4 and intron 4 regions of SLC11A1 genetic variations on bTB susceptibility was subsequently investigated by association analysis. Our finding demonstrated that the g.107117166A>G and g.107117369C>T polymorphisms of the SLC11A1 gene associated with bTB in Holstein cattle. The susceptibility of cattle with the g.107117166A>G genotype compared with the GG genotype was 3.40 (95% CI: 1.10-10.51; p=0.048) fold higher. The g. 107117166A>G SNP located in the exon 4 of the SLC11A1 gene and the functional consequence was missense. The deduced amino acid sequence for the protein product revealed an alanine to threonine conversion at position 96, which may affect initiation of protein synthesis and disrupt normal NRAMP1 function that protects animals against mycobacterial infection. The other susceptibility of cattle with the g.107117369C>T genotype compared with the TT genotype was 0.26 (95% CI: 0.12-0.56; p=0.001) fold lower. The g.107117369C>T polymorphism, located in the intron 4 of the SLC11A1 gene, may affect elements that control transcription and splicing of the NRAMP1 leading to affect pathophysiological characteristics in tuberculosis. This is the first report showing that the g. 107117166A>G and g.107117369C>T polymorphisms may contribute to SLC11A1-mediated bTB susceptibility.

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Bovine tuberculosis: Effect of the tuberculin skin test on in vitro interferon gamma responses

Cited by 65 publications

References 23 publications

Tuberculin Skin Testing Boosts Interferon Gamma Responses to DIVA Reagents in Mycobacterium bovis-Infected Cattle

Tuberculin Skin Testing Boosts Interferon Gamma Responses to DIVA Reagents in Mycobacterium bovis-Infected Cattle

Mycobacterium bovis DNA Detection in Colostrum as a Potential Indicator of Vaccination Effectiveness against Bovine Tuberculosis

Relationship of Bovine SLC11A1 (Formerly NRAMP1) Polymorphisms to the Risk of Bovine Tuberculosis in Holstein Cattle

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