Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis in Traditionally Managed Livestock in Selected Districts of Southern Province of Zambia

Muma, John Bwalya; Syakalima, Michelo; Munyeme, Musso; Zulu, Victor Chisha; Simuunza, Martin; Kurata, Masamitsu

doi:10.1155/2013/730367

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…We observed the same for the results from the herders in this area, which suggests that in a setting where brucellosis is enzootic at a high sero-prevalence, there is no need to confirm RBPT results by c-ELISA, or vice-versa. Our sero-prevalence estimate is higher than what has been reported in Cameroon (15.9%) [ 23 ], and Ethiopia (4.9%) [ 24 ], but lower than estimates in Zambia (42%) [ 25 ], Nigeria (84.9%) [ 27 ] and Uganda (100%) [ 28 ]. A sero-prevalence study in Greater Bahr el Ghazal was last conducted 33 years ago [ 13 ], and the prevalence observed in the current study is five times higher than the estimates reported then [ 13 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

The sero-prevalence of brucellosis in cattle and their herders in Bahr el Ghazal region, South Sudan

et al. 2018

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BackgroundBrucellosis is a worldwide recognized bacterial zoonotic disease. There is currently no information on bovine brucellosis sero-prevalence in South Sudan regardless of the economic, social and public health impact on populations. Therefore, for the first time in 33 years, we report the sero-prevalence of brucellosis in cattle and their herders. Furthermore, we characterize the drivers associated with the disease at the human-animal interface in Bahr el Ghazal region, South Sudan.MethodsA total of 893 and 87 animal and human sera respectively were examined between December 2015 and May 2016. Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Competitive Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (c-ELISA) were used in parallel to detect anti-Brucella antibodies. Questionnaires were administered to collect relevant metadata used for the association analysis in R version 3.2.3. Odds Ratio (OR) and Confidence Intervals (CI) were determined.ResultsOverall bovine brucellosis prevalence was 31% (95%CI = 28.0–34.2), with the highest 63% (95%CI = 53–70) and lowest 10% (95%CI = 4.5–20.1) prevalence estimates in Wau and Gogrial states respectively. The bovine sero-prevalence was approximately equally distributed among the male 30.4% (26.9–34.2) and the females 32.5% (26.8–38.7). Poor body condition (OR = 0.22; 95%CI = 0.07–0.54) and larger herd sizes (OR = 0.05; 95%CI = 0.008–0.173) were protective factors for brucellosis, while the opposite was true for the second (OR = 1.70; 95%CI = 1.08–2.67) and third (OR = 2.5; 95%CI = 1.46–4.47) lactation stage. The overall brucellosis sero-prevalence in herders was estimated at 33.3% (23.9–44.3).ConclusionWe report a high prevalence of anti-Brucella antibodies in cattle and their herders in Bahr el Ghazal, indicating an enzootic status in the cattle population being an important source of infection for humans. This represents a genuine public health challenge. Therefore, there is need to raise awareness and build capacity and infrastructure in this fragile state to underwrite future public health strategies for brucellosis.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

The sero-prevalence of brucellosis in cattle and their herders in Bahr el Ghazal region, South Sudan

et al. 2018

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“…In Ethiopia, Tschopp et al (2013) found 1.7%. But in Zambia, Muma et al (2013) found 20.7%. It should be noted that in this case, serum samples were taken only from cows.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Thus, it is evident that the initial thickness of the skin fold could confuse the interpretation of reactivity to tuberculin. In Africa, some authors have found relatively low rates ranging from 2 to 6% (Boukary et al, 2011;Boussini et al, 2012;Katale et al, 2013;Muma et al, 2013). In contrast, in Nigeria, Okeke et al (2014) found 16.17% with PCR on cattle lungs taken from slaughterhouses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of bovine brucellosis, tuberculosis and dermatophilosis among cattle from Benins main dairy basins

Noudeke¹,

Dossou-Gbété²,

Pomalegni³

et al. 2017

J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health

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In order to determine the prevalence of bovine brucellosis, tuberculosis and dermatophilosis, a study was carried out in main dairy areas of Benin from April to September 2015. For brucellosis, 780 sera and 78 milk samples were analyzed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). For tuberculosis, 780 cattle underwent a comparative intradermal tuberculin test and 78 milk samples were used for Ziehl-Neelsen's staining. About dermatophilosis, 78 samples of scabs were collected for Giemsa's staining. For brucellosis, the overall individual animal seroprevalence was 8.85%. The regions of Borgou with 19.33% and Atlantique with 0% prevalence showed significant differences (p <0.05) with the other regions. For tuberculosis, the overall individual animal prevalence was 2.18%. The regions of Borgou and Alibori, with 0% prevalence each, showed significant differences (p <0.05) with most other regions. Taking into account the individual animal prevalence, Zou (brucellosis 18.33%, tuberculosis 6.67%) and Plateau (brucellosis 10%, tuberculosis 6.67%) were the areas at risk for these two diseases. For dermatophilosis the overall herd prevalence was 23.08%. There was significant difference (p<0.05) between Alibori and Mono but also between Alibori and Zou. It is urgent, therefore, to put in place an adapted control strategy taking into account these geographical realities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The captive elephants at the facilities under study are present in a unique community of mycobacteria and other wildlife. Humans in these communities are hosts to M. tb, and M. bovis is present in cattle in neighbouring Zambia (Muma et al, 2013;Munyeme et al, 2009Munyeme et al, , 2010Phiri, 2006). An emergent MTBC species, Mycobacterium mungi (Alexander et al, 2010), has been identified in banded mongoose in north-west Zimbabwe (Alexander et al, 2016) Better understanding the dynamics of infection among and between species will be crucial to effectively preventing and controlling diseases within animal populations within TFCAs.…”

Section: E349mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis serosurveillance and management practices of captive African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area

Martin

Hanyire

J³

et al. 2017

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Transfrontier conservation areas represent an international effort to encourage conservation and sustainable development. Their success faces a number of challenges, including disease management in wildlife, livestock and humans. Tuberculosis (TB) affects humans and a multitude of non-human animal species and is of particular concern in sub-Saharan Africa. The Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area encompasses five countries, including Zimbabwe, and is home to the largest contiguous population of free-ranging elephants in Africa. Elephants are known to be susceptible to TB; thus, understanding TB status, exposure and transmission risks to and from elephants in this area is of interest for both conservation and human health. To assess risk factors for TB seroprevalence, a questionnaire was used to collect data regarding elephant management at four ecotourism facilities offering elephant-back tourist rides in the Victoria Falls area of Zimbabwe. Thirty-five working African elephants were screened for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex antibodies using the ElephantTB Stat-Pak and the DPP VetTB Assay for elephants. Six of 35 elephants (17.1%) were seropositive. The risk factor most important for seropositive status was time in captivity. This is the first study to assess TB seroprevalence and risk factors in working African elephants in their home range. Our findings will provide a foundation to develop guidelines to protect the health of captive and free-ranging elephants in the southern African context, as well as elephant handlers through simple interventions. Minimizing exposure through shared feed with other wildlife, routine TB testing of elephant handlers and regular serological screening of elephants are recommended as preventive measures.

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Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis in Traditionally Managed Livestock in Selected Districts of Southern Province of Zambia

Cited by 19 publications

References 28 publications

The sero-prevalence of brucellosis in cattle and their herders in Bahr el Ghazal region, South Sudan

The sero-prevalence of brucellosis in cattle and their herders in Bahr el Ghazal region, South Sudan

Prevalence of bovine brucellosis, tuberculosis and dermatophilosis among cattle from Benins main dairy basins

Tuberculosis serosurveillance and management practices of captive African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area

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