Bovine Serum Albumin Bioconjugated Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Hemolysis, and Cytotoxicity toward Cancer Cell Lines

Abstract

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugated gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized to explore their applications as drug delivery vehicles in systemic circulation. They showed little hemolysis and cytotoxic responses essentially required for such applications. This study shows some of the important physiochemical aspects needed for an appropriate synthesis of BSA-conjugated NPs where unfolded BSA is an essential reaction component. Unfolding of BSA was carried out under different experimental conditions in the presence of different ionic/ zwitterionic surfactants and monitored simultaneously by UV−visible studies. Cationic surfactants induced unfolding at relatively lower temperatures than anionic and zwitterionic surfactants due to stronger electrostatic interactions with BSA. TEM analysis revealed the presence of NPs with almost similar shapes and sizes for different samples, and all NPs were stabilized by a coating of unfolded BSA. Isoelectric point of unfolded BSA coating on NP surface was close to 4.7 in all cases, which was similar to that of unconjugated BSA. BSA free and cationic surfactant coated Au NPs were used as controls. They showed high hemolytic activity and very low cell viability under identical conditions. Thus, BSA coated NPs were considered to be the best vehicles for drug release and other possible biomedical applications.

Small gold nanorods laden macrophages for enhanced tumor coverage in photothermal therapy

“…To facilitate bioconjugation and improve the biocompatility, the AuNRs are conjugated with BSA using a previously described method [54,58,59]. Figure 2b shows that BSA modification results in a small red-shift and broadening of the LSPR peak as shown in Figure To compare the size effect on the performance of AuNRs in the subsequent cytotoxity and cell uptake studies, 14 nm diameter bAuNRs are also synthesized by the common seed-mediated method as the control.…”

Reversible encapsulation of silver nanoparticles into the helix of amylose (water soluble starch)

“…[1][2][3][4][5] The characteristics of each stabilizer have a signicant impact on the shape, size, aggregation, and the size distribution of the synthesized materials. [6][7][8][9][10] For the synthesis of AgNPs, environmentally benign biodegradable non toxic natural polymers, especially polysaccharide, have an edge over other stabilizers due to the weak interactions with the nanoparticles. [11][12][13] Raveendran et al in their pioneering work suggested that the polysaccharides containing large numbers of -OH groups, formed inter and intra chain hydrogen bonds and acted as a template for nanoparticle growth.…”

Interaction of a green ester-bonded gemini surfactant with xanthine oxidase: Biophysical perspective

“…On careful observation of Fig. 2(a), it can be seen that in concomitant with quenching, slight blue shift (∼8 nm) is observed, which itself suggest the unfolding or change in the conformation of xanthine oxidase and shifting of its hydrophobic residues (Tyr/Trp) to a non polar environment [53,54]. It is to note over here, that shoulder peak is not intense due to devoid of exact excitation wavelength (280 nm) encompassing mainly tyrosine residues.…”