Bovine Respiratory Syndrome (BRD) Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis and Control

Bednarek, D.; Szymańska-Czerwińska, Monika; Dudek, Katarzyna

doi:10.5772/33465

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…The etiopathogenesis of BRDC is multifactorial and complex, with equal involvement of infectious agents and environmental factorsenvironmental stressors (Nickell and White, 2010). The most studied infectious agents which participate in the etiopathogenesis of BRDC are the following viruses: bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), parainfluenza virus type 3 (PI3V), bovine herpes virus type 1 (BHV1) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) (Bednarek et al, 2012). Viruses predispose to the appearance of bacterial infection by direct damage to respiratory clearance mechanisms and lung parenchyma, enabling the bacteria to settle from the upper respiratory tract, and to the occurrence of infection in damaged lungs (Pardon et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiopathogenesis and economic significance of bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC)

Kurčubić¹,

Đoković²,

Ilić³

et al. 2018

Acta agriculturae Serbica

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BRDC is the most expensive disease of fattening cattle throughout the world. The reasons for this are high morbidity and mortality, weight loss, reduced food utilization, reduced quality of carcasses and extensive measures of prophylaxis and therapy. BRDC is caused by a substantial number of pathogens (viruses and bacteria), with predisposing risk factors from the ambient and host. Calves are at the highest risk of developing BRDC shortly after shipping. Lighter-weight calves appear to be at greater risk, although this has not been consistent. The complexity of BRDC makes it difficult to define the role of individual factors that predispose to or cause the disease. Stress factors may be "necessary, but not sufficient", but they require additional effects to cause the disease. Increasing the production of meat and milk worldwide would be sustainable by improving the prevention and control of BRDC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiopathogenesis and economic significance of bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC)

Kurčubić¹,

Đoković²,

Ilić³

et al. 2018

Acta agriculturae Serbica

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“…Mycoplasma dispar is occasionally isolated from the respiratory tract of diseased cattle, and in most reports it has been isolated in mixed infections with other known pathogens [3]. Frequently, these organisms are related with chronic or subclinical respiratory disease in cattle [19].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mycoplasma dispar is a common inhabitant of the upper and lower respiratory tract of healthy cattle. Several studies has shown that Mycoplasma dispar currently was present in 50 % of the examined herds, and bacterial agents of the syndrome, i. e. Pasteurella multocida, Arcanobacterium pyogenes or Mannheimia haemolytica coexisted with these cases [3]. In the development of respiratory disease in dairy calves, M. dispar may play an initiating role for leading to subclinical and clinical pneumonia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma dispar prevalence in the upper respiratory tract of cattle and the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates

2015

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The aim of this study was to make a survey of the presence of Mycoplasma dispar on a cattle breeding farm and to determine antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates.The study was carried out at a farm in Lithuania. Nasal swabs for bacteriological investigation were collected from ninety dairy, beef and mixed type of cattle from 90 to 300 days of age. Mycoplasma cultivation procedures were carried out using Friis selective media. To confirm the presence of Mollicutes class the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used. Isolates were identified according to biochemical and antigenic characteristics.The minimum inhibitory concentration of twenty field isolates of Mycoplasma dispar to tulathromycin, tylosin, lincomycin, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, and oxytetracycline was determined by using a micro-broth dilution method.Mycoplasma dispar was detected in the nasal cavity of 15 out of 84 clinically healthy animals (17.9 %), and in 5 out of 6 animals with respiratory disorders (83.3 %). The isolates were most susceptible to tulathromycin, lincomycin, enrofloxacin and florfenicol. Three (15 %) isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline.The susceptibility to oxytetracycline significantly differed between Mycoplasma dispar isolates compared to the susceptibility of tulathromycin (P < 0.001), lincomycin (P < 0.001) tylosin (P < 0.001), enrofloxacin (P < 0.001), and florfenicol (P < 0.001).

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“…It is described as having a role in enabling subsequent bacterial infection such as M. haemolytica. Similarly persistent infection (PI) with bovine virus diarrhoea virus, can increase BRD occurrence in calves (Bednarek et al 2012). These field conditions cannot be fully reproduced in controlled laboratory conditions where only one unique pathogen is inoculated to animals maintained in a proper and controlled environment (as per regulatory requirements).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration of immunity of a four-valent vaccine against bovine respiratory diseases

Philippe-Reversat¹,

Homer²,

Hamers³

et al. 2017

Acta Vet. Brno

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This study demonstrated the duration of immunity over 6 months of a vaccine against key bovine respiratory disease pathogens: Parainfluenza 3, Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Bovine Viral Diarrhoea and Mannheimia haemolytica. This was performed by challenge on colostrumdeprived calves at the age of 2 weeks. Recent European field isolates were used as challenge strains. Clinical signs and pathogen excretion or presence were monitored. Field relevance of the viral challenge strains was analysed using phylogenic analysis. Significant reduction of excretion of the 3 viruses in vaccinated animals was a consistent finding, demonstrating the efficacy of the vaccine. Reducing shedding is indeed key to interrupting the infection transmission chain and helping to achieve the protective effects of immunisation that extend beyond the individual. A significant reduction of clinical signs and lung lesions following the Mannheimia haemolytica challenge was also observed in vaccinated animals versus controls. Comparison of the challenge strains to an array of global and European strains, including recent ones, demonstrated a high genetic proximity, supporting the potential for the vaccine to maintain similar levels of efficacy in the field over a 6-month period post vaccination.

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Bovine Respiratory Syndrome (BRD) Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis and Control

Cited by 14 publications

References 38 publications

Etiopathogenesis and economic significance of bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC)

Etiopathogenesis and economic significance of bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC)

Mycoplasma dispar prevalence in the upper respiratory tract of cattle and the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates

Duration of immunity of a four-valent vaccine against bovine respiratory diseases

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