Bovine oviductal fluid (bOF) collected in the follicular or luteal phase of the estrous cycle exerts similar effects on ram sperm kinematics and acrosome reactivity in vitro

Oviduct fluid during IVF moderately modulates polyspermy in in vitro-produced goat embryos during the non-breeding season

“…We believe that the effect observed in OF groups could be due to an enhancement of sperm quality. In this way, we recently demonstrated that bovine OF was able to enhance ram sperm motility for up to 4 h as well as rate of acrosome reaction after long (18-24 h) incubation periods without affecting sperm viability [18]. In addition, there was a tendency to favor OF1 in the rate of blastocyst in relation to the cleaved structures.…”

“…An improvement of cleavage and blastocyst rates was also reported using OVGP1 purified from OF in a goat IVF protocol [20]. OF effects on gametes were observed when using heterologous co-incubation systems, such as ram sperm/bovine OF [18] and oocytes from several species (cows, sheep, goats, pigs, rats, rabbits, and humans) with OF from different species [22].…”

“…High rates of polyspermy have been observed in prepuberal (⁓48%) [17] and adult goats (∼34%) [13]. Studies of different species have already demonstrated that IVF medium supplementations or gametes treatment with OF or EVs extracted from OF could promote gametes viability, fertilization rate, and embryo production [18][19][20]. One of the benefits of using OF in in vitro systems is that it enhances monospermic penetrations, possibly through inducing ZP hardening [9,14,21].…”