Bovine Mammary Nutrigenomics and Changes in the Milk Composition due to Rapeseed or Sunflower Oil Supplementation of High-Forage or High-Concentrate Diets

Leroux, Christine; Bernard, L.; Faulconnier, Yannick; Rouel, J.; Foye, Anne de la; Domagalski, Jordann J.; Chilliard, Yves

doi:10.1159/000445996

Cited by 17 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Moreover, COS and MAP decreased mRNA abundance of INSIG1 in both species, by 53 and 41%, respectively, in cows and by 30 and 37%, respectively, in goats. These results are not consistent with previous data (Leroux et al, 2016) that reported no variation in INSIG1 in cows fed a high forage supplemented with whole intact rapeseeds supplements; however, no variation of milk fat yield was observed in that study. In goats, the decrease of mRNA abundance of INSIG1 fed COS and MAP is in accordance with the reported decrease of INSIG1 mRNA in ovines (Carreño et al, 2016) fed diets supplemented with fish oil, which induced a decrease of 22% in milk fat yield.…”

Section: Mammary Metabolismcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Effect of diets supplemented with starch and corn oil, marine algae, or hydrogenated palm oil on mammary lipogenic gene expression in cows and goats: A comparative study

Fougère

Bernard

2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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A direct comparison of cow and goat performance and milk fatty acid (FA) responses to diets that either induce milk fat depression or increase milk fat content in cows suggests species-specific regulation of lipid metabolism, including mammary lipogenesis. This experiment was conducted to highlight potential mechanisms responsible for the differences in mammary lipogenesis due to diet and ruminant species. Twelve Holstein cows and 12 Alpine goats were fed a basal diet containing no additional lipid (CTL) or a similar diet supplemented with corn oil [5% dry matter intake (DMI)] and wheat starch (COS), marine algae powder (MAP; 1.5% DMI), or hydrogenated palm oil (HPO; 3% DMI), according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 28-d experimental periods. Milk yield, milk composition, FA profile, and secretions were measured. On d 27 of each experimental period, the mRNA abundance of 21 genes involved in lipid metabolism or enzyme activities or both were measured in mammary tissue sampled by biopsy. The results showed significant differences in the milk fat response of cows and goats to the dietary treatments. In cows, fat content was lowered by COS (−45%) and MAP (−22%) and increased by HPO (+13%) compared with CTL, and in goats only MAP had an effect compared with CTL, with a decrease of 15%. In both species, COS and MAP lowered the yields (mmol/d per kilogram of body weight) of C16 FA in goats but not in cows, and the >C16 FA yield decreased with MAP in both species. Supplementation of HPO increased the yield of milk C16 FA (mmol/d per kilogram of body weight) in cows. These variations in milk fat content and FA secretion were not associated with modifications in the mammary expres-sion of 21 genes involved in major lipid pathways, except for 3 transcription factors: PPARA, INSIG1, and SP1. This absence of large changes might be due to posttranscriptional regulation of these genes and related to the time of sampling of the mammary tissue relative to the previous meal and milking or to differences in the availability of substrate for the corresponding proteins. However, the abundance of 14 mRNA among the 21 encoding for genes studied in the mammary gland was significantly different among species, with 5 more abundant in cows (FADS3, ACSL1, PPARA, LXRA, and PPARG1) and 10 more abundant in goats (FASN, CD36, FABP3, LPL, GPAM, LPIN1, CSN2, MFGE8, and INSIG1). These species specificities of mammary lipid metabolism require further investigation.

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Section: Mammary Metabolismcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Effect of diets supplemented with starch and corn oil, marine algae, or hydrogenated palm oil on mammary lipogenic gene expression in cows and goats: A comparative study

Fougère

Bernard

2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…All mammary biopsies, which were the only chirurgical act, were performed with relevant national legislation and were done by an accredited person (N° of certification: 63–20). All collected samples have been previously described [ 13 , 46 ]. The present study was designed to identify miRNAs whose expression in the cow mammary gland is modulated by sunflower oil supplementation using a high throughput technology.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sunflower oil was mixed and distributed with the forage. The effect of the sunflower oil supplementation on milk product and composition were previously described [ 46 ]. Mammary tissues were sampled from the cows at the end of the experimental period by biopsies of the upper one-third of the posterior area of one udder, using the method developed by Farr et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So to gain a clearer understanding of how gene expression in the mammary gland is regulated in response to a diet challenge, the present study aimed to identify miRNAs whose expression was affected by sunflower oil supplementation in lactating cows in relation with transcriptomic data. Thus, we had previously designed an experiment to determine the impact of adding whole and intact rapeseed to a high forage diet, as well as adding sunflower oil to a low forage diet [ 46 ]. Only the sunflower supplementation produced a change to gene expression in the mammary gland of cows, associated with an increase of milk production and a decrease of protein and fat content and with greater amplitude of milk composition responses when compared to rapeseed supplementation [ 46 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, we had previously designed an experiment to determine the impact of adding whole and intact rapeseed to a high forage diet, as well as adding sunflower oil to a low forage diet [ 46 ]. Only the sunflower supplementation produced a change to gene expression in the mammary gland of cows, associated with an increase of milk production and a decrease of protein and fat content and with greater amplitude of milk composition responses when compared to rapeseed supplementation [ 46 ]. Therefore, this diet was selected in order to obtain an overview of the nutritional regulation of milk component biosynthesis by investigating miRNA expression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sunflower oil supplementation affects the expression of miR-20a-5p and miR-142-5p in the lactating bovine mammary gland

et al. 2017

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Oil supplementation in dairy cattle diets is used to modulate milk fat composition, as well as the expression of mammary lipogenic genes, whose regulation remains unclear. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNA considered as crucial regulators of gene expression, offering clues to explain the mechanism underlying gene nutriregulation. The present study was designed to identify miRNAs whose expression in the cow mammary gland is modulated by sunflower oil supplementation. MiRNomes were obtained using RNAseq technology from the mammary gland of lactating cows receiving a low forage diet, supplemented or not with 4% sunflower oil. Among the 272 miRNAs characterized, eight were selected for RT-qPCR validations, showing the significant down-regulation of miR-142-5p and miR-20a-5p by sunflower supplementation. These two miRNAs are predicted to target genes whose expression was reported as differentially expressed by sunflower supplementation. Among their putative targets, ELOVL6 gene involved in lipid metabolism has been studied. However, a first analysis did not show its significant down-regulation, in response to the over-expression of miR-142-5p, of miR-20a-5p, or both, in a bovine mammary epithelial cell line. However, a clearer understanding of the miRNA expression by lipid supplementation would help to decipher the regulation of lactating cow mammary gland in response to nutrition.

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Milk Fat Globule in Ruminant: Major and Minor Compounds, Nutritional Regulation and Differences Among Species

Bernard

Bonnet

Delavaud

et al. 2018

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Recent knowledge is presented on the composition of ruminant milk fat fractions and the nutritional strategies known to alter their amount. The development of lipidomic and proteomic analyses has allowed for the characterization of minor components, such as proteins, liposoluble vitamins, and phospholipids of the milk fat globule (MFG), in addition to the triacylglycerols (TAG), which are the major constituents of the MFG core. Few differences in these components among ruminant species exist, and they have been outlined mainly on the fatty acids (FA) profile of the TAG, whereas comparative data are still lacking on vitamins and proteins. The effects of dietary treatments enriched in n‐3 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) on the composition of the milk fat fraction are explored. In particular, pasture and plant oilseeds increase milk n‐3 PUFA and cis‐9,trans‐11 CLA and decrease saturated FA, whereas data with new feed resources, such as algae, are still rare. The peculiarities of the response of the milk fat to diets that induce a milk fat depression in cows but in lesser extent in small ruminants are described. The potential effects of polar lipids, proteins, and liposoluble vitamins of the MFG on human health are reviewed, highlighting the nutraceutical properties of milk. Practical Applications: This review provides an overview of the different components of the milk fat fraction in ruminant species and on nutritional strategies to alter their amounts to improve the nutritional quality of milk. Furthermore, this review presents recent data on species peculiarities of the milk fat fraction composition and of its response to nutritional factors, which offers a promising model to identify news levers of regulation of this fraction and foster the identification of new feeding strategies to better control milk fat composition and feed efficiency. This review synthesizes data on the composition of the milk fat fraction in ruminant species, reports advances in nutritional strategies to alter their amounts and species‐specific responses to nutrition, as well as the potential effects on human health of the major and minor components of this fraction.

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Bovine Mammary Nutrigenomics and Changes in the Milk Composition due to Rapeseed or Sunflower Oil Supplementation of High-Forage or High-Concentrate Diets

Cited by 17 publications

References 44 publications

Effect of diets supplemented with starch and corn oil, marine algae, or hydrogenated palm oil on mammary lipogenic gene expression in cows and goats: A comparative study

Effect of diets supplemented with starch and corn oil, marine algae, or hydrogenated palm oil on mammary lipogenic gene expression in cows and goats: A comparative study

Sunflower oil supplementation affects the expression of miR-20a-5p and miR-142-5p in the lactating bovine mammary gland

Milk Fat Globule in Ruminant: Major and Minor Compounds, Nutritional Regulation and Differences Among Species

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