Bovine leukemia virus detected in the breast tissue and blood of Iranian women

Khalilian, Mohaddeseh; Hosseini, Seyed Masoud; Madadgar, Omid

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103566

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…BLV has also been found in human female blood samples. The implication is not known but could indicate a means of internal BLV transmission [ 10 , 13 ].…”

Section: Identification Of Blvs In Human Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Catching viral breast cancer

Lawson

Glenn

2021

Infect Agents Cancer

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We have considered viruses and their contribution to breast cancer. Mouse mammary tumour virus The prevalence of mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV) is 15-fold higher in human breast cancer than in normal and benign human breast tissue controls. Saliva is the most plausible means of transmission. MMTV has been identified in dogs, cats, monkeys, mice and rats. The causal mechanisms include insertional oncogenesis and mutations in the protective enzyme ABOBEC3B. Human papilloma virus The prevalence of high risk human papilloma viruses (HPV) is frequently six fold higher in breast cancer than in normal and benign breast tissue controls. Women who develop HPV associated cervical cancer are at higher than normal risk of developing HPV associated breast cancer. Koilocytes have been identified in breast cancers which is an indication of HPV oncogenicity. The causal mechanisms of HPVs in breast cancer appear to differ from cervical cancer. Sexual activity is the most common form of HPV transmission. HPVs are probably transmitted from the cervix to the breast by circulating extra cellular vesicles. Epstein Barr virus The prevalence of Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is five fold higher in breast cancer than in normal and benign breast tissue controls. EBV is mostly transmitted from person to person via saliva. EBV infection predisposes breast epithelial cells to malignant transformation through activation of HER2/HER3 signalling cascades. EBV EBNA genes contribute to tumour growth and metastasis and have the ability to affect the mesenchymal transition of cells. Bovine leukemia virus Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infects beef and dairy cattle and leads to various cancers. The prevalence of BLV is double in human breast cancers compared to controls. Breast cancer is more prevalent in red meat eating and cow’s milk consuming populations. BLV may be transmitted to humans from cattle by the consumption of red meat and cow’s milk. Conclusion The evidence that MMTV, high risk HPVs and EBVs have causal roles in human breast cancer is compelling. The evidence with respect to BLV is more limited but it is likely to also have a causal role in human breast cancer.

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“…BLV has also been found in human female blood samples. The implication is not known but could indicate a means of internal BLV transmission [ 10 , 13 ].…”

Section: Identification Of Blvs In Human Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Catching viral breast cancer

Lawson

Glenn

2021

Infect Agents Cancer

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“…In addition, evidence of BLV in human beings has been reported by different researchers via the presence of its gene segments, proteins and antibodies against the virus in different parts of the world [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Epidemiological studies have identified a significant association between the presence of the virus and breast cancer development, proposing BLV as an intermediate risk factor for cancer outcome [ 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Circulation of Bovine Leukemia Virus Haplotypes among Humans, Animals, and Food Products: New Insights of Its Zoonotic Potential

Corredor-Figueroa

Olaya-Galán

Velandia-Álvarez

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of leukemia/lymphoma in cattle. It has been found in humans and cattle-derived food products. In humans, it is described as a potential risk factor for breast cancer development. However, the transmission path remains unclear. Here, a molecular epidemiology analysis was performed to identify signatures of genetic flux of BLV among humans, animals, and food products. Sequences obtained from these sources in Colombia were used (n = 183) and compared with reference sequences available in GenBank. Phylogenetic reconstruction was performed in IQ-TREE software with the maximum likelihood algorithm. Haplotype (hap) distribution among the population was carried out with a median-joining model in Network5.0. Recombination events were inferred using SplitsTree4 software. In the phylogenetic analysis, no specific branches were identified for the Colombian sequences or for the different sources. A total of 31 haps were found, with Hap 1, 4, 5 and 7 being shared among the three sources of the study. Reticulation events among the different sources were also detected during the recombination analysis. These results show new insights about the zoonotic potential of BLV, showing evidence of genetic flux between cattle and humans. Prevention and control strategies should be considered to avoid viral dissemination as part of the One Health program policies.

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“…Olaya-Galan et al showed that BLV-contaminated milk can transmit the virus horizontally to other hosts [27]. On the other hand, milk and dairy products are one of the most important sources of human nutrition, and the raw consumption of these products can be involved in virus transmission to humans [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The BLV tax protein has some regulatory functions (transcription activator) and could be associated with transformation through inhibition of DNA repair system and disruption of tumor suppressor genes [10]. The mechanism of BLV transmission to humans is not known, however, raw milk consumption can transmit the virus from cattle to human population [11]. The study by Buehring et al showed that the genome and antibodies against the capsid protein (P24) of BLV can be found in female blood samples [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Leukemia virus (BLV) and risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies

Khatami

Pormohammad

Farzi

et al. 2020

Infect Agents Cancer

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Background: Breast cancer is reported as one of the most common cancers among females worldwide. Infectious agents especially viruses have been considered as role players in the development of breast cancer. Although some investigations suggest an association between bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and breast cancer, the involvement of this virus as a risk factor remains controversial. The present study aimed to find out any possible association between BLV and breast cancer through conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Systematic literature search was performed by finding related case-control articles from the PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE databases. The heterogeneity and the multivariable-adjusted OR and corresponding 95% CI were applied by meta-analysis and forest plot across studies. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata 14.1. Result: Based on a comprehensive literature search, 9 case-control studies were included for meta-analysis. The combination of all included studies showed that BLV infection is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer [summary OR (95% CI) 2.57 (1.45, 4.56)]. Conclusion: This is the first meta-analysis to analyze a potential association between BLV infection and the risk of breast cancer. Control of the infection in cattle herds and screening of the milk and dairy products may help to reduce the transmission of the virus to humans.

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Bovine leukemia virus detected in the breast tissue and blood of Iranian women

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

Catching viral breast cancer

Catching viral breast cancer

Co-Circulation of Bovine Leukemia Virus Haplotypes among Humans, Animals, and Food Products: New Insights of Its Zoonotic Potential

Bovine Leukemia virus (BLV) and risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies

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