“…Additionally, the potential of LF for application in cancer therapy was further confirmed in vivo. In those experiments, the anticancer effect of LF was shown to be mainly exerted through activation of both the innate and adaptive immune responses, as well as through the stimulation of the proliferation and differentiation of T helper cells (Th) into type 1 helper cell (Th1) or type 2 helper cell (Th2) phenotypes, which release tumour-killing cytokines (tumour necrosis factors (TNF), interferon-g (IFN-g), caspase-1 and interleukin-18 (IL-18)) in the intestine and tumour (De la Rosa, Yang, Tewary, Varadhachary, & Oppenheim, 2008;Fischer, Debbabi, Dubarry, Boyaka, & Tome, 2006;Kuhara, Yamauchi, & Iwatsuki, 2012).…”