Bovine intestinal cellular responses following primary and challenge infections with <i>Calicophoron microbothrium</i> metacercariae

Abstract

This studyw as carried out to establish whether cattle can develop resistance to re-infectionby Calicophoron microbothrium by assessing the response of intestinal mucosal globule leukocytese, osinophils, mast cells and basophils, and the establishment of the parasite in the host. A total of 241-year old Tuli steers were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each and infected with C. microbothriumm etacercariae. On the first day of the study, animals in Groups I and II were immunized with 5000 metacercariae and then challenged with 15000 metacercariae on Day 150 post immunization. Animals in Group III were immunized with 15000 metacercariae at the same time that Groups I and II animals were challenged to act as a positive control group Animals in Group IV were left uninfected and acted as a negative control group. Three animals from each group were slaughtered on Day 28 post-challenge and the remainder were slaughtered on Day 42 post-challenge. The established amphistomes were recovered and histopathological and cytological examinations were done on the jejunum, duodenuma, bomasum and the rumen. The establishment rates of the challenge infection in the immunized and challenged groups were lower and ranged from 0 to 0.2% as compared to 6% from naive animals infected as positive controls. Animals immunized and then challenged with C. microbothrium had significantly higher eosinophil, mast cell and globule leukocytes counts in the intestinal mucosa (P &lt; 0.05) as compared to those of the control group. The study indicates that cattle can develop resistance to C. microbothrium re-infection and that eosinophils and mast cells may be important cells in the rejection of the parasite.

Paranfistomosis bovina por calicophoron daubneyi en Castilla y León: estudio epidemiológico, histopatológico e inmunohistoquímico = Bovine Paramphistomosis by "Calicophoron daubneyi" in the Northwest of Castilla and León: a study of the epidemiological, pathological and local immune response

“…This organized lymphoid tissue was a constant feature in experimental trematodosis related with the chronicity of infection (Manga-González et al, 2004). It has been demonstrated in experimental paramphistome infections that these lesions persisted even when no flukes can be recovered from the duodenum (Mavenyengwa et al, 2008) and were more consistent at 60 and 80 days postinfection when the parasite was not present (Singh et al, 1984;Mavenyengwa et al, 2005). Therefore, the duodenitis found in some animals of the current study is likely a consequence of acquired the infection in early spring, since the prepatent period of paramphistomosis is between three and five weeks (Brown et al, 2007) and the tissue samples were collected at late spring and early summer.…”

“…Por su parte, los mastocitos provocan, tras su degranulación, una reacción de hipersensibilidad tipo I, caracterizada por un incremento de la permeabilidad vascular y de la contracción de la musculatura lisa, cuya acción se dirige a la expulsión del parásito (Falcone et al, 2001;Farthing et al, 2003). Esta función se ha demostrado de manera indirecta en infecciones experimentales por paranfistómidos, al comprobar una intensa eosinofilia y mastocitosis en animales con una menor carga parasitaria (Mavenyengwa et al, 2008). Por otra parte, en nematodosis intestinales la presencia de eosinófilos y mastocitos se ha relacionado con una disminución en la eliminación de huevos en heces (Lacroux et al, 2006).…”

“…Junto con esta actividad citotóxica, los eosinófilos son capaces de producir citoquinas, en concreto las IL-3 e IL-5 (Kita et al, 1991;Desreumaux et al, 1992), las cuales inducen una mayor presencia de mastocitos y eosinófilos a nivel local en las infecciones helmínticas (Weller, 1994). Esta interacción explicaría las observaciones realizadas en infecciones experimentales por Calicophoron microbothrium en bovino, donde la carga parasitaria es menor cuanto mayor es la presencia de eosinófilos y mastocitos (Mavenyengwa et al, 2008).…”

“…The frequency and significance of lesions caused by the adult worms is unclear . Most authors have suggested that the adult paramphistomes are relatively harmless (Brown et al, 2007) but experimental infections have shown that they can cause atrophy and severe cornification of ruminal papillae (Rolfe et al, 1994) with a slight inflammatory reaction in the rumen (Mavenyengwa et al, 2008).…”

“…La frecuencia y significación de las lesiones que los trematodos adultos pueden ocasionar todavía no están definidas . La mayoría de los autores señalan que las formas adultas son relativamente inocuas (Brown et al, 2007), si bien, en infecciones experimentales, se ha puesto en evidencia la capacidad del parásito para producir atrofia y cornificación de las papilas ruminales (Rolfe et al, 1994), y una reacción inflamatoria leve en el rumen (Mavenyengwa et al, 2008).…”