Bovine-Derived Xenografts Immobilized With Cryopreserved Stem Cells From Human Adipose and Dental Pulp Tissues Promote Bone Regeneration: A Radiographic and Histological Study

Abstract

Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have become promising sources for bone tissue engineering. Our study aimed at evaluating bone regeneration potential of cryopreserved ADSCs and DPSCs combined with bovine-derived xenografts with 10% porcine collagen. In vitro studies revealed that although DPSCs had higher proliferative abilities, ADSCs exhibited greater mineral depositions and higher osteogenic-related gene expression, indicating better osteogenic differentiation potential of ADSCs. After applying cryopreserved ADSCs and DPSCs in a critical-sized calvarial defect model, both cryopreserved mesenchymal stem cells significantly improved bone volume density and new bone area at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Furthermore, the combined treatment with ADSCs and xenografts was more efficient in enhancing bone repair processes compared to combined treatment with DPCSs at all-time points. We also evaluated the sequential early bone healing process both histologically and radiographically, confirming a high agreement between these two methods. Based on these results, we propose grafting of the tissue-engineered construct seeded with cryopreserved ADSCs as a useful strategy in accelerating bone healing processes.

Evaluating the efficacy of human dental pulp stem cells and scaffold combination for bone regeneration in animal models: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…In the micro-CT analysis, black-and-white tomogram images can be converted into equal density pseudocolour images and the boundary between bone/residual graft can be calibrated. For example, Zhu et al [ 65 ] defined tissues with CT values between 700 and 2000 Hounsfield unit (Hu) as the new bone. Tissues with CT values more than 2000 Hu were defined as the residual graft/scaffold after calibration.…”

Stem Cells and Bone Tissue Engineering

“…Zhu Y et al, compared ADSCs and DPSCs for bone regeneration using bovine-derived xenografts with 10% porcine collagen as a scaffold. The study found that although DPSCs had higher proliferative abilities, ADSCs exhibited greater mineral depositions and higher osteogenic-related gene expression, indicating a better osteogenic differentiation potential of ADSCs [ 201 ]. After applying cryopreserved ADSCs and DPSCs in a critical-size calvarial defect model, both cryopreserved mesenchymal stem cells significantly improved the bone volume density and new bone area at 2, 4, and 8 weeks.…”

“…After applying cryopreserved ADSCs and DPSCs in a critical-size calvarial defect model, both cryopreserved mesenchymal stem cells significantly improved the bone volume density and new bone area at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Furthermore, the combined treatment with ADSCs and xenografts was more efficient in enhancing bone repair compared to the combined treatment with DPSCs at all time points [ 201 ]. The authors further evaluated the sequential early bone healing process both histologically and radiographically, confirming a high level of agreement between these two methods, which supports the conclusion [ 201 ].…”

“…Furthermore, the combined treatment with ADSCs and xenografts was more efficient in enhancing bone repair compared to the combined treatment with DPSCs at all time points [ 201 ]. The authors further evaluated the sequential early bone healing process both histologically and radiographically, confirming a high level of agreement between these two methods, which supports the conclusion [ 201 ].…”

“…ADSCs are readily available at the point of care despite being less effective than BMMSCs. DPSCs are also attractive due to their near-similar efficacy compared with BMMSCs for bone regeneration [ 201 ]. They represent a great cell source for dental bone loss or craniofacial bone reconstruction.…”