Bovine coronavirus in the lower respiratory tract of cattle with respiratory disease

Rahe, Michael C.; Magstadt, Drew R.; Groeltz-Thrush, Jennifer; Gauger, Phillip C.; Zhang, Jianqiang; Schwartz, Kent; Siepker, Christopher

doi:10.1177/10406387221078583

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although BCoV is associated with enteric disease due to its dual tropism for the respiratory and digestive systems 61 , this virus was only amplified from the DNS of one calf that was simultaneously infected with OvGHV2 without being detected from the intestinal and fecal samples evaluated. Accordingly, these findings confirmed that BCoV was associated only with the development of the pulmonary distress syndrome herein described; similar results were previously described 31,58,60,62,63 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Association of ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 with an outbreak of acute respiratory disease in dairy cattle

Headley

Agnol

Bessegato³

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study investigated the cause of an outbreak of an acute respiratory disease syndrome followed by episodes of diarrhea in a dairy cattle herd from Southern Brazil. Deep nasal swabs (DNS) from asymptomatic calves, calves with pulmonary discomfort, and diarrheic calves after episodes of respiratory distress were used in molecular assays designed to detect the principal pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Fecal samples were used for the molecular detection of bovine enteric disease agents. Pulmonary tissues from three calves and a cow that died were evaluated by molecular assays to identify 11 agents associated with the development of BRD. The intestinal and pulmonary fragments of one calf and the cow revealed atrophic enteritis and interstitial pneumonia by histopathology, respectively. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) identified intralesional antigens of a malignant catarrhal fever virus, genus Macavirus, within epithelial cells of the lungs and intestines. Molecular assays amplified ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvGHV2) from most of the DNS, and the pulmonary and intestinal fragments from the animals that died, confirming that the Macavirus identified by IHC was OvGHV2. Concomitant pulmonary infections of OvGHV2 with bovine gammaherpesvirus 6 and bovine coronavirus were identified. Additionally, bovine viral diarrhea virus 1b and Aichivirus B were detected in the fecal samples. These findings demonstrated that OvGHV2, a Macavirus, was the disease agent most frequently (81.2%; 13/16) associated with singular pulmonary infections during this outbreak of BRD, suggesting that this virus may be another potential agent of respiratory disease of cattle.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Association of ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 with an outbreak of acute respiratory disease in dairy cattle

Headley

Agnol

Bessegato³

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Fresh tissue samples were collected at the time of euthanasia, placed in separate plastic bags, and shipped on ice to the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (ISU VDL). Fresh tissues were processed and analyzed at the ISU VDL as previously described (24). RT-rt PCR primers used were specific for the S gene of BCoV.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Coronavirus Infects the Respiratory Tract of Cattle Challenged Intranasally

Soules¹,

Rahe

Purtle³

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV) is a member of a family of viruses associated with both enteric and respiratory diseases in a wide range of hosts. BCoV has been well-established as a causative agent of diarrhea in cattle, however, its role as a respiratory pathogen is controversial. In this study, fifteen calves were challenged intranasally with virulent BCoV in order to observe the clinical manifestation of the BCoV infection for up to 8 days after initial challenge, looking specifically for indication of symptoms, pathology, and presence of viral infection in the respiratory tract, as compared to six unchallenged control calves. Throughout the study, clinical signs of disease were recorded and nasal swabs were collected daily. Additionally, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed at 4 days Post-challenge, and blood and tissue samples were collected from calves at 4, 6, or 8 days Post-challenge to be tested for the presence of BCoV and disease pathology. The data collected support that this BCoV challenge resulted in respiratory infections as evidenced by the isolation of BCoV in BAL fluids and positive qPCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and histopathologic lesions in the upper and lower respiratory tissues. This study can thus be added to a growing body of data supporting that BCoV is a respiratory pathogen and contributor to respiratory disease in cattle.

show abstract

“…However, it is clear that high detection rates of the virus have been noted in cattle with respiratory disease, either alone or with other pathogens and the virus has caused pathology through inoculation and infection in other studies [5,16,18,19,25,26,28,30]. More specifically, further studies have demonstrated the presence of the virus in respiratory tracts with histological evidence of pathology [24]. In this study, immunohistochemistry and an RNA in situ hybridization assay were both used to identify the presence of BCoV in the lower respiratory tract (the focus on the trachea and lungs) of calves.…”

Section: A Respiratory Syndromementioning

confidence: 97%

“…The virus primarily affects the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, with attenuation and necrosis seen in these cells microscopically. Most commonly, tracheitis is seen along with rhinitis and interstitial pneumonia [5,24]. The most common clinical signs seen are coughing and rhinitis which may display with nasal discharge (serous to mucopurulent), and this may be coupled with pyrexia and anorexia.…”

Section: A Respiratory Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Laboratory Diagnosis of Coronavirus Infections in Cattle

van den Hurk,

Regmi,

Naikare

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Coronaviruses cause infections in humans and diverse species of animals and birds with a global distribution. Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) produces predominantly two forms of disease in cattle, a respiratory form, and a gastrointestinal form. All age groups of cattle are affected by the respiratory form of coronavirus whereas the gastroenteric form causes neonatal diarrhea or calf scour in young cattle and winter dysentery in adult cattle. The tremendous impacts of bovine respiratory disease and the associated losses are well-documented and underscores the importance of this pathogen. Beyond this, studies have demonstrated significant impacts on milk production associated with outbreaks of winter dysentery, with up to a 30% decrease in milk yield. Research data so far have shown that the viral structure or strain is not a determinant of tissue tropism and clinical form of the disease. In North America, BCoV was identified for the first time in 1972, and it continues to be a significant economic concern for the cattle industry. The virus is classified under Coronaviridae family, Betacoronavirus genus and Betacorovirus 1 species. A number of conventional and molecular diagnostic assays are available for the detection of BCoV from clinical samples. Conventional assays for BCoV detection include virus isolation, which is challenging from clinical samples, electron microscopy, fluorescent antibody assays, and various immunoassays. Molecular tests are mainly based on nucleic acid detection and predominantly include conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Isothermal amplification assays and genome sequencing have also been used increasingly in recent years for the detection and identification of BCoV. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification, helicase-dependent amplification, recombinase polymerase amplification, and multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification are some examples of the isothermal amplification assays for used BCoV. Point-of-care testing has gained some popularity recently as they can offer user-friendly testing on the farm (barn-side). The present study reviewed literature on coronavirus infections in cattle from the last three and a half decades and presents information mainly on the current and advancing diagnostics in addition to epidemiology, clinical presentations, and the impact of the disease on the cattle industry.

show abstract

Bovine coronavirus in the lower respiratory tract of cattle with respiratory disease

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

Association of ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 with an outbreak of acute respiratory disease in dairy cattle

Association of ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 with an outbreak of acute respiratory disease in dairy cattle

Bovine Coronavirus Infects the Respiratory Tract of Cattle Challenged Intranasally

Advances in Laboratory Diagnosis of Coronavirus Infections in Cattle

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About