Bovine Colostrum Derived Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Show Great Potential to Serve as a Prophylactic Agent

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) until now imposes a serious burden to health systems globally. Despite worldwide vaccination, social distancing and wearing masks, the spread of the virus is still ongoing. One of the mechanisms how neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) block virus entry into cells encompasses interaction inhibition between the cell surface receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 specific NAb development can be induced in the blood of cattle. Pregnant cows produce NAbs upon immunization, and antibodies move into the colostrum just before calving. Here we immunized cows with SARS-CoV-2 S1 receptor binding domain (RBD) protein in proper adjuvant solutions, followed by one boost with SARS-CoV-2 trimeric S protein, and purified immunoglobulins from colostrum. We demonstrate that this preparation indeed blocks interaction between the trimeric S protein and ACE2 in different in vitro assays. Moreover, we describe the formulation of purified immunoglobulin preparation into a nasal spray. When administered to human subjects, the formulation persists on the nasal mucosa for at least 4 hours as determined by a clinical study. Therefore, we are presenting a solution that shows great potential to serve as a prophylactic agent against SARS-CoV-2 infection as an additional measure to vaccination and wearing masks. Moreover, our technology allows for a rapid and versatile adaption for preparing prophylactic treatments against other diseases by using the defined characteristics of antibody movement into the colostrum.

Bovine-derived antibodies and camelid-derived nanobodies as biotherapeutic weapons against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants: A review article

“…Additionally, FM-CBAL74 (cow's milk fermented with the probiotic L. paracasei CBAL74) exerted a preventive action against SARS-CoV-2 [ 75 ]. In a similar vein, Kangro et al [ 76 ], reported immunoglobulins-rich colostrum after immunizing pregnant cows with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in a surprisingly short time. Therefore, colostrum immunoglobulin preparation has a lot of potential for use in SARS-CoV-2 prevention regimens.…”

SARS CoV-2 infections in animals, two years into the pandemic

“…Arenas et al have suggested that recognition of certain highly conserved motifs of viral proteins, in particular M and S2, by anti-BCoV antibodies present in milk would cause total or partial inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 [ 117 ]. Kangro and colleagues showed that the combination of antibodies derived from colostrum of cows immunized with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in an intranasal formulation can provide an efficient blockade against infection with SARS-CoV-2, including several of the known variants [ 118 ]. The use of bovine NAbs has previously been shown to be a potential strategy to combat HIV infections.…”

Transchromosomic bovines‐derived broadly neutralizing antibodies as potent biotherapeutics to counter important emerging viral pathogens with a special focus on SARS‐CoV‐2, MERS‐CoV, Ebola, Zika, HIV‐1, and influenza A virus

“…Recent papers reviewed the therapeutic potential of bovine Ig‐rich colostrum against SARS‐CoV‐2 32,57,58 . The impact of BIM on human health has been studied for decades (Table 3).…”

“…Recent papers reviewed the therapeutic potential of bovine Ig‐rich colostrum against SARS‐CoV‐2. 32 , 57 , 58 The impact of BIM on human health has been studied for decades (Table 3 ). Furthermore, colostrum or antibodies‐rich milk from bovines can be used against human diseases caused by viruses and bacteria, 33 , 59 where cow's milk is available to the general public.…”