Bovine babesiosis in the 21st century: Advances in biology and functional genomics

Genetic polymorphism of Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigens-2 (MSA-2) isolates from bovine blood and Rhipicephalus annulatus ticks in Israel

“…Several studies utilized the variable merozoite surface antigens of B. bovis as a genetic marker to show the existence of variant strains in different geographic regions around the world (Berens et al, 2005;Leroith et al, 2005;Simking et al, 2013;Sivakumar et al, 2013;Tattiyapong et al, 2014). Blood-derived live attenuated B. bovis vaccines are currently used to control babesiosis in Australia, South Africa, Argentina, Brazil, and Israel (Pipano et al, 2002;Shkap et al, 2005Shkap et al, , 2007Gohil et al, 2013). Although the attenuated vaccines generally provide protection against the disease, babesiosis can occur in vaccinated animals as a result of infection with heterologous isolates (Bock et al, 1992(Bock et al, , 1995.…”

Genomic resources for a unique, low-virulence Babesia taxon from China

“…The severity of disease usually relates to host and parasite factors, but often the virulence/pathogenicity is of considerable importance. For example, B. bovis is particularly pathogenic in Bos taurus and can dramatically modify the structure and functionality of infected erythrocytes [4, 5]; this alteration can be accompanied by an accumulation of affected erythrocytes in the capillaries of organs, including the brain and lungs, leading to severe cerebral disease, respiratory insufficiency and/or multi-organ failure. Interestingly, in contrast to B. bovis , there are species of Babesia of ruminants that have limited pathogenicity.…”

Clinical management of an outbreak of Babesiosis in a herd of cattle: A Case Report

“…Intrauterine infection has also been reported but is rare. By means of the universal distribution of the ixodid tick, Babesiosis is the second most widespread blood-borne disease of animals (Homer et Gohil et al, 2013). Babesia is transmitted by ticks in which the protozoan passes transovarially, via the egg, from one tick generation to the next (Gohil et al, 2013).…”

“…By means of the universal distribution of the ixodid tick, Babesiosis is the second most widespread blood-borne disease of animals (Homer et Gohil et al, 2013). Babesia is transmitted by ticks in which the protozoan passes transovarially, via the egg, from one tick generation to the next (Gohil et al, 2013). Babesiosis is particularly severe in naive animals introduced into endemic areas and is a considerable constraint on livestock development in many parts of the world.…”