Bovine Anorganic Bone Graft Associated with Platelet-Rich Plasma: Histologic Analysis in Rabbit Calvaria

Abstract

Autogenous bone tissue has regeneration potential; however, this capacity may not be sufficient in larger bone defects. The aim of this study is to histologically evaluate anorganic bovine bone grafts (GenOx Inorg) with or without platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Two bone lesions were created in calvaria of 12 rabbits. The 24 surgical lesions were separated into 3 groups: coagulous, anorganic, and anorganic with PRP. At the 4-week time point, the animals were euthanized and the grafted area removed, fixed in formalin 10% with phosphate buffered saline, 0.1 M, and embedded in paraffin. The histologic parameters analyzed were new bone filling the defect area, presence of giant cells and particles of the graft, and new bone formation associated with the particles. In the coagulous group, defects were filled with fibrous tissue that attached the periosteum and little bone neoformation in the periphery. In anorganic groups with or without PRP, little new bone formation in the periphery of the defect was observed; however, in the center of some defects there was new bone. Moderate presence of giant cells and little new bone formation was associated with the innumerous graft particles. Histologic results revealed no statistically significant differences among the defects new bone fill between the studied groups (P = .64). There was no significant difference in the number of giant cells (P = .60), graft particles (P = .46), and new bone formation around graft particles (P = .26), whether PRP was added or not. Anorganic bone, isolated or mixed with PRP, was biocompatible and osteoconductive, while maintaining bone volume.

Bone Formation with Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral or Biphasic Calcium Phosphate in the Presence of Autologous Platelet Lysate: Comparative Investigation in Rabbit

“…A direct comparison between the results of the present study and published reports on platelet-derived bioactive components is difficult because of the differences in the platelet preparation (PRP, PRF, and APL) and/or in the study design [26]. Nevertheless, the findings of the present study corroborate those of other animal studies, which also showed that PRP in conjunction with DBBM in critical-size rabbit calvaria [21] and frontal defect of goat [17, 20] does not improve DBBM osteoconductivity. As regards BCP, PRP in combination with BCP (ratio 60/40) was tested only in rat calvaria defects [19, 23] and no positive effect of PRP was established.…”

The use of bioactive factors to enhance bone regeneration: A narrative review

“…While some studies in cranial and mandibular defects showed that the addition of PRP to xenografts, alloplastic materials or scaffolds improved bone formation compared to the use of the grafts/scaffolds alone (Aghaloo, Moy & Freymiller, ; Chen, Lu, Liu, Tang & Zhang, ; El Backly, Zaky, Canciani, Saad & Eweida, ; Hirota, Matsui, Mizuki, Kishi & Watanuki, ; Kim, Kim, Kim, Lim & Kim, ; Li, Chen, Wei, Hao & Wang, ; Penteado, Colombo, Penteado, Assis & Gurgel, ; Schlegel et al., ), other studies did not confirm these findings (DeNicolo, Guyton, Cuenin, Hokett & Sharawy, ; Faratzis, Leventis, Chrysomali, Khaldi & Eleftheriadis, ; Plachokova, Dolder, Stoelinga & Jansen, ; Rocha, Ramos, Batista, Zanetta‐Barbosa & Ferro, ; Wiltfang et al., ) or showed that the use of MSCs in conjunction with bone substitutes could enhance bone regeneration more than PRP (Khojasteh, Eslaminejad & Nazarian, ). It was also shown that adding PRP to GBR (Kazakos, Lyras, Thomaidis, Agrogiannis & Botaitis, ) or to BMP (Ferraz, Schellini, Schellini, Pellizon & Hirai, ) did not accelerate the bone formation process.…”

Avaliação microtomográfica e histomorfométrica do processo de reparo de defeitos ósseos em calvária de coelhos tratados com diferentes materiais de enxerto

“…O material orgânico, por ser proveniente de outra espécie, ter antigenicidade mais pronunciada do que o enxerto alógeno, e risco de transmissão de doenças como a encefalopatia espongiforme bovina ou doença da vaca louca, requer um tratamento mais rigoroso (Issa et al, 2015). Atualmente o seu uso é limitado pela quase inexistente capacidade osteoindutora e a sua relativamente rápida reabsorção (Rocha et al, 2011). Em contrapartida, o material inorgânico é um dos mais utilizados e estudados na atualidade.…”

“…Dentre esses materiais, o mais amplamente utilizado na atualidade é o osso xenógeno de origem bovina, designado de matriz óssea inorgânica ou osso inorgânico (Accorsi-Mendonça et al, 2011;Rocha et al, 2011;Manfro et al, 2014;Rocha et al, 2014;Issa et al, 2015). A produção do osso inorgânico bovino ocorre por meio de um processo de desproteinização de osso esponjoso bovino a altas temperaturas e de procedimentos químicos de limpeza resultando na completa eliminação das proteínas do osso e na produção de uma matriz óssea mineral predominantemente de hidroxiapatita natural, porosa e não antigênica (Accorsi-Mendonça et al, 2011).…”

“…(Zambuzzi et al, 2005;Bernabé et al, 2012;Manfro et al, 2014;Rocha et al, 2014). Os poucos estudos pré-clínicos (Cestari et al, 2009;Rocha et al, 2011;Bernabé et al, 2012;Manfro et al, 2014;Rocha et al, 2014) (Pagni et al, 2012).…”