Bovine and small ruminant African animal trypanosomiasis in Nigeria – A review

Odeniran, Paul Olalekan; Ademola, Isaiah Oluwafemi; MacLeod, Ewan T.; Welburn, Susan C.

doi:10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.03.001

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…AAT is a well-known disease, causing devastating losses to the livestock industry which have been estimated to exceed US$ 1.3 billion annually [4][5][6]. Biting flies (families: Tabanidae and Muscidae) are effective mechanical vectors and are assumed to maintain AAT levels in various homesteads in sub-Saharan Africa [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human activities such as transhumance, settlement patterns, and vegetational changes have caused significant modifications in the vector habitat [6]. Recent natural occurrences such as persistent drought, landscape fragmentation, deforestation, environmental degradation, population pressure, and thinning out of wildlife, have been responsible for changes to the vector distribution map [6,[12][13][14]. These factors have significant importance on the epidemiology and control of AAT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mathematical modelling and control of African animal trypanosomosis with interacting populations in West Africa—Could biting flies be important in main taining the disease endemicity?

et al. 2020

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African animal trypanosomosis (AAT) is transmitted cyclically by tsetse flies and mechanically by biting flies (tabanids and stomoxyines) in West Africa. AAT caused by Trypanosoma congolense, T. vivax and T. brucei brucei is a major threat to the cattle industry. A mathematical model involving three vertebrate hosts (cattle, small ruminants and wildlife) and three vector flies (Tsetse flies, tabanids and stomoxyines) was described to identify elimination strategies. The basic reproduction number (R0) was obtained with respect to the growth rate of infected wildlife (reservoir hosts) present around the susceptible population using a next generation matrix technique. With the aid of suitable Lyapunov functions, stability analyses of disease-free and endemic equilibria were established. Simulation of the predictive model was presented by solving the system of ordinary differential equations to explore the behaviour of the model. An operational area in southwest Nigeria was simulated using generated pertinent data. The R0 < 1 in the formulated model indicates the elimination of AAT. The comprehensive use of insecticide treated targets and insecticide treated cattle (ITT/ITC) affected the feeding tsetse and other biting flies resulting in R0 < 1. The insecticide type, application timing and method, expertise and environmental conditions could affect the model stability. In areas with abundant biting flies and no tsetse flies, T. vivax showed R0 > 1 when infected wildlife hosts were present. High tsetse populations revealed R0 <1 for T. vivax when ITT and ITC were administered, either individually or together. Elimination of the transmitting vectors of AAT could cost a total of US$ 1,056,990 in southwest Nigeria. Hence, AAT in West Africa can only be controlled by strategically applying insecticides targeting all transmitting vectors, appropriate use of trypanocides, and institutionalising an appropriate barrier between the domestic and sylvatic areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical modelling and control of African animal trypanosomosis with interacting populations in West Africa—Could biting flies be important in main taining the disease endemicity?

et al. 2020

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“…These activities were later extended to the Eastern and Western parts of the country. The Biological Control of Tsetse (BICOT) project, which began in VOM, Nigeria, was in operation between 1979 and 1987 and Nasarawa State was its target state [27].…”

Section: Prevention Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypanosomiasis: Recent advances in strategies for control

Kayode¹,

Lele²,

Kayode³

2020

Glob J Infect Dis Clin Res

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Trypanosomiasis is numbered among the list of seventeen transmissible diseases and is associated with poor socio-economic status. Trypanosomiasis is referred to as a neglected tropical disease (NTDs) by the World Health Organization, due to its limited diagnostic and treatment development, with yet poor control measures. Three diseases of parasitic origin emanate due to genetically connected protozoa, trypanosomatid and kinetoplastida. They are the basis of many public health challenges in the less developed world and include American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease), Human African Trypanosomiasis and Leishmaniasis. This review emphasizes Trypanosomiasis in general, the lifecycle, biochemistry of parasite infection, disease treatment and management. Prevention options, the biochemistry of drug resistance and novel treatment of disease are among subjects considered.

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“…; chronic inflammations such as endocarditis, lymphadenitis, pleuritis, pericarditis and enteritis etc. (Radostits et al, 2006;Smith, 2008); parasitic infections such as trypanosomiasis, toxoplasmosis, chronic babesiosis (Urquhart et al, 1996;Rajavelu, 2001;Love and Hutchinson, 2003;Khan and Line, 2010;Odeniran and Welburn, 2018;Petersen and Grinnage-Pulley, 2020), anaplasmosis, besnoitiosis, (Bussieras and Chermette, 1991;Khan and Line, 2010), sarcosporidiosis (Urquhart et al, 1996;Bussieras and Chermette, 1991;Januškevičius et al, 2018;More, 2019), and chronic helminthosis (Urquhart et al, 1996;Khan and Line, 2010) etc. ; hepatic and renal conditions associated with several causes (Haroun and Hussein, 1975;Radostits et al, 2006;Smith, 2008); gastrointestinal disorders such as infiltrative diseases (Radostits et al, 2006;Smith, 2008;Wittek, 2014); immune mediated condition associated with amyloid deposition in various organs and hyperglobulinemia, consequent upon chronic infection/inflammation or neoplasm (Radostits et al, 2006); congenital disorders such as congenital cardiac malformations (tetralogy of fallot, interventricular septal defect) and congenital renal disease (agenesis, dysplasia, hypoplasia, polycystic kidney disease) (Smith, 2008) etc., most of which create physiologic inefficiencies that require energy beyond the body's ability to supply it; endocrine dysfunction such as diabetes mellitus (Mostaghni and Ivoghli, 1977); neoplasms such as lymphosarcoma (Bertone, 1990;NADIS, 2011); and primary undernutrition (Oetzel, 1988;Smith, 2008) etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The trend of aetiologies of chronic emaciation in off-take cattle in Ibadan metropolis

Jeremiah¹,

Taiwo²,

Akanni³

2021

J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health

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Chronic emaciation reflects the severity and duration of the aetiologies associated with a disease condition. The primary aim of this investigation was to determine the trend and most significant causes of chronic emaciation and cachexia in off-take cattle in Ibadan metropolis and to evaluate the clinicopathologic findings. The study was a prospective one. In this particular study, causative factors of chronic emaciation were examined. The purposive sampling technique was used for this study which was carried out at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, between September, 2019 and December, 2019. Samples were collected from 100 chronically emaciated off-take cattle of different breeds, sexes and ages, not less than two years old. The diagnostic protocol of complete physical examination and comprehensive laboratory investigations such as parasitology, haematology, serum chemistry and urinalysis amongst others, were followed as well. The study revealed six major groups of aetiologies of chronic emaciation and cachexia. The haematologic parameters of packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), neutrophil and platelet count were statistically significant (p<0.05) with differences between the mean values of emaciated cases compared to control subjects. The serum chemistry parameters of albumin, globulin, bilirubin, aspartate amino transferase (AST) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) were statistically significant (p<0.05) with differences between the mean values of emaciated cases and control subjects. The increasing prevalence of dicrocoeliasis and paramphistomiasis as revealed in the study should be of epidemiological and clinical relevance to livestock health institutions and large scale animal practitioners in Nigeria.

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Bovine and small ruminant African animal trypanosomiasis in Nigeria – A review

Cited by 9 publications

References 59 publications

Mathematical modelling and control of African animal trypanosomosis with interacting populations in West Africa—Could biting flies be important in main taining the disease endemicity?

Mathematical modelling and control of African animal trypanosomosis with interacting populations in West Africa—Could biting flies be important in main taining the disease endemicity?

Trypanosomiasis: Recent advances in strategies for control

The trend of aetiologies of chronic emaciation in off-take cattle in Ibadan metropolis

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