Bounds for Downward Flame Spread Rate in Solid Fuels and Comparison to Experiments

Energy Balance Models of Downward Combustion of Parallel Thin Solid Fuels and Comparison to Experiments

“…Fuel samples consisted of cellulosic papers of thickness 0.187 mm, width 4 cm, and length 16 cm, which were long enough to ensure a stationary spread rate but short enough to ensure that oxygen depletion within the chamber was less than 2%. Lateral effects due to holders were almost negligible since the flame spread rate was very similar for samples 4 cm wide and 6 cm wide (Pujol and Comas, 2011). Properties of our paper samples are conductivity k s ¼ 0.101 W m À1 K À1 , density q s ¼ 461.95 kg m À3 , specific heat c s ¼ 1180J kg À1 K À1 (all at 20 C), and vaporization temperature T vap ¼ 620 K. Figure 1 Schematic view of the experimental setup for an array of three papers equally spaced, with a view of the coiled nichrome wires used to ignite them at the same time.…”

“…Our experiments were carried out in a combustion chamber used in our previous research (Comas and Pujol, 2012;Pujol and Comas, 2011). Fuel samples consisted of cellulosic papers of thickness 0.187 mm, width 4 cm, and length 16 cm, which were long enough to ensure a stationary spread rate but short enough to ensure that oxygen depletion within the chamber was less than 2%.…”

Width effects on downward flame spread over poly(methyl methacrylate) sheets

“…The apparatus used here is similar to the apparatuses used in previous downward flame spread experiments in a 2D case, 5,9–11 but with no straps along the specimen. In other words, both edges of specimen burn freely.…”

“…However, in order to simplify the flame spread process, most previous studies were conducted at the hypothesis of an infinite width. 5,[9][10][11] In this way, both edges of solid sheet were inhibited by metallic or some other materials. As a result, the sheet degraded flatly.…”