SUMMARYWe present the homogenization of a parametrically deÿned periodic microstructure in which it is possible to separately control the volume fractions of conventional material, active material and void. The e ective material properties from the homogenization reduce the necessary ÿnite-element model complexity and also allow for topology optimization of smart structures or optimization of the microstructure itself. Homogenization equations for piezoelectric material including thermal e ects are derived with a ÿrst-order asymptotic approach. The homogenization problem is solved numerically for discrete values of the design parameters. An interpolation technique is used to ÿnd analytical, continuously derivable functions for material properties of the design parameters. Consideration is given to planar microstructures and the treatment of microstructures consisting of dielectrically distinct materials.