Boundary layer Blockage, Venturi Effect and Cavitation Causing Aerodynamic Choking and Shock Waves in Human Artery Leading to Hemorrhage and Massive Heart Attack – A New Perspective

Kumar, VR Sanal; Sankar, Vigneshwaran; Chandrasekaran, Nichith; Natarajan, Vishnu; Saravanan, Vignesh; Sukumaran, Ajith; Mani, Sivabalan; kumar, Tharikaa Ramesh; Padmanabhan, Sathyan; N.D, Hemasai; Vyasaprasad, Krithika; Sharan, Sharad; Murugesh, Pavithra; S, Ganesh Shankar; Srinivasan, Vivek J.; Nejaamtheen, Mohammed Niyasdeen; Baskaran, Roshan Vignesh; Rahman, Sulthan Arriff; Harisrinivasan, Ukeshkumar; Rajshree, C J; Krishnan, Arun V.; Pal, Abhishesh; Panicker, Gayathri V; Rajesh, A

doi:10.2514/6.2018-3962

Cited by 12 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…It leads to say that one can aim for cultivating medicinal plants in the space lab for discovering suitable drugs for enhancing the heat capacity ratio of blood for reducing the risk of asymptomatic stroke and acute heart failure in the gravity and microgravity conditions presumably due to the variations in blood viscosity and turbulence level in the circulatory systems of human being and animals. These are succinctly reported in toto by V.R.Sanal Kumar et al [3,[26][27][28]. It is known that cardiovascular risk is higher in astronauts / cosmonaut but the fundamental cause of such risk is still unknown to medical science [3,43,44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The segregated selected powders are utilized for making solid propellant for chemical propulsion. The specially separated silicon powders are used for building feigned soil for nurturingpharmaceutical flora in the ISS for the scarce drugdiscovery for the high-endurance health care management [3,[26][27][28]. An inclusive layout of the proposed methodology for space debris mitigation and the energy conversion technique are described in the subsequent section.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Theoretical studies on space debris recycling and energy conversion system in International space station

Mariappan¹,

Weddell

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The space debris management and alleviation in the microgravity environment is a dynamic research theme of contemporary interest. Herein, we provide a theoretical proof of the concept of a lucrative energy conversion system that is capable for changing the space debris into useful powders in the international space station (ISS) for various bids. A specially designed broom is adapted to collect the space debris of various sizes. An optical sorting method is proposed for the debris segregation in the ISS by creating an artificial gravitational field using frame-dragging or gravitomagnetism. An induction furnace is facilitated for converting the segregated metal-scrap into liquid metal. A fuel-cell aided water atomization method is proposed for transforming the liquid debris into metal powder. The high-energetic metal powders obtained from the space debris could be employed for producing propellants for useful aerospace applications, and the silicon powder obtained could be used for making soil for fostering the pharmaceutical-flora in the space lab in the future aiming for the scarce-drug discoveries for high-endurance health care management. The proposed energy conversion system is a possible alternative for the space debris extenuation, and its real applications in orbiting laboratories through the international collaboration for the benefits to humanity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical studies on space debris recycling and energy conversion system in International space station

Mariappan¹,

Weddell

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The Eq. (5) correlates the artery diameter (di), the corresponding inflow Mach number (Minlet), the axial Mach number (Maxial), and the BHCR, which is derived from compressible flow theory [5][6][7].…”

Section: Bhcr Uchimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the Sanal flow choking condition, the creeping flow will get accelerated in a uniform cross-sectional area duct due to the area blockage caused by the boundary-layer-displacement-thickness (i.e., the blockage factor). The total 3D boundary layer blockage (TBLB) at the Sanal-flow-choking condition (Maxis = 1) for diabatic flows is obtained as (see Eq.5a) [5][6][7],…”

Section: Bhcr Uchimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The critical fact is that the internal biofluid/blood flow choking is uniquely regulated by its heat-capacity-ratio (HCR). The Sanal flow choking phenomenon is established as the fluid-throat induced internal flow choking in the real world flows (continuum and non-continuum) due to the compressible viscous flow effect [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. An internal flow choking due to BV variations and turbulence in CVS leads to cavitation, shock wave generation and transient pressure-spike.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Very Low and High Blood Viscosity Are Risk Factors for Internal Flow Choking Causing Asymptomatic Cardiovascular Disease

Kumar

Choudhary

Radhakrishnan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundThe truly popular consequence of management with the blood-thinning-drug, causation of lower blood-viscosity (BV), is bleeding and very frequently asymptomatic-hemorrhage (AH) and the acute-heart-failure (AHF) happen without any preceding symptoms.ObjectivesOur aim was to develop an infallible closed-form analytical model for demonstrating the proof of the concept of the Sanal flow choking in cardiovascular system (CVS) causing AH and AHF by correlating the blood pressure ratio (BPR), biofluid/blood-heat-capacity-ratio(BHCR), blood viscosity(BV), stenosis (in terms of vessel cross-sectional area (VCA)) and ejection fraction(EF). For establishing the proof of the concept we were planned in vitro and in silico studies. MethodsThe closed-form-analytical-methodology is used herein to establish the proof of the concept of Sanal-flow-choking. In vitro method is invoked for the speciation analyses of blood samples of healthy subjects (human being/Guinea pig) for the BHCR estimation. In silico method is used for demonstrating the asymptomatic pressure-overshoot in an artery due to the Sanal flow choking and shock wave generation. ResultsThe closed-form analytical, in vitro and in silico results are presented herein to establish the proof of the concept of internal flow choking in CVS causing cardiovascular risk without prejudice to the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The analytical models reveal that the relatively high and low BV are risk factors of AH and AHF. In vitro study shows that nitrogen(N2), oxygen(O2), carbon dioxide(CO2) and argon(Ar) gases are predominant in fresh-blood samples of the healthy human-being and Guinea-pig at a temperature range of 37-400 C (98.6-1040 F), which increases the risk of flow-choking leading to AH and AHF. The thermal-tolerance level in terms of BHCR of Guinea-pig is found higher than the human being. In silico results demonstrated the Sanal flow choking and shock wave generation in an artery with the divergent/bifurcation region. ConclusionsAn overdose of blood-thinning drug for reducing the blood-viscosity(BV) augments Reynolds number leading to high-turbulence and enhanced boundary-layer-blockage(BLB), which increases the chances of cavitation and the Sanal-flow-choking leading to the shock wave and pressure-overshoot causing memory effect (stroke history) in viscoelastic vessels. Designing the precise blood-thinning regimen is vital for attaining the desired therapeutic efficacy and negating undesirable flow-choking leading to AH and AHF. Herein we established that the disproportionate blood-thinning treatment increases the risk of the Sanal-flow-choking due to the enhanced BLB factor. The cardiovascular risk could be diminished by concurrently lessening the BV and flow turbulence by rising thermal-tolerance-level in terms of BHCR or by decreasing the BPR. Condensed AbstractHerein, we provide a proof of the concept to establish that such asymptomatic diseases are due to the boundary-layer-blockage (BLB) induced flow choking (Sanal-flow-choking) at a critical blood-pressure-ratio (BPR). When the pressure of the nanoscale-fluid increases, average-mean-free-path decreases and thus, the Knudsen number reduces leading to a no-slip boundary condition with compressible-viscous (CV) flow effect. Sanal-flow-choking is a CV flow effect creating a physical situation of the sonic-fluid-throat, at a critical BPR. We concluded that AH and AHF are transient-events due to flow-choking, and not an illness. The cardiovascular risk could be diminished by concurrently lessening the BV and flow turbulence by rising thermal-tolerance-level in terms of BHCR or by decreasing the BPR.

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Theoretical studies on space debris recycling and energy conversion system in the International Space Station

Mariappan

Kumar

Weddell

et al. 2020

Engineering Reports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The space debris management and alleviation in the microgravity environment is a dynamic research theme of contemporary interest. Herein, we provide a theoretical proof of the concept of a lucrative energy conversion system that is capable of changing the space debris into useful powders in the International Space Station (ISS) for various bids. A specially designed broom is adapted to collect the space debris of various sizes. An optical sorting method is proposed for the debris segregation in the ISS by creating an artificial gravitational field.It could be done by using the frame-dragging effect or gravitomagnetism. An induction furnace is facilitated for converting the segregated metal-scrap into liquid metal. A fuel-cell aided water atomization method is proposed for transforming the liquid debris into metal powder. The high-energetic metal powders obtained from the space debris could be employed for producing propellants for useful aerospace applications, and the silicon powder obtained could be used for making soil for fostering the pharmaceutical-flora in the space lab in the future aiming for the scarce-drug discoveries for high-endurance health care management. The proposed energy conversion system is a possible alternative for the space debris extenuation and its real applications in orbiting laboratories through the international collaboration for the benefits to humanity.

show abstract

Boundary layer Blockage, Venturi Effect and Cavitation Causing Aerodynamic Choking and Shock Waves in Human Artery Leading to Hemorrhage and Massive Heart Attack – A New Perspective

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

Theoretical studies on space debris recycling and energy conversion system in International space station

Theoretical studies on space debris recycling and energy conversion system in International space station

Very Low and High Blood Viscosity Are Risk Factors for Internal Flow Choking Causing Asymptomatic Cardiovascular Disease

Theoretical studies on space debris recycling and energy conversion system in the International Space Station

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