Boundary Caps Give Rise to Neurogenic Stem Cells and Terminal Glia in the Skin

Gresset, Aurelie; Coulpier, Fanny; Gerschenfeld, Gaspard; Jourdon, Alexandre; Matesic, Graziella; Richard, Laurence; Vallat, Jean‐Michel; Charnay, Patrick; Topilko, Piotr

doi:10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.06.005

Cited by 64 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Functionally, BC cells play an essential role in spinal motor nerve development (Figure 2b). Before they become Schwann cells at the MEP, DREZ and in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), BC cells in mammals also give rise to nociceptive neurons, satellite glial cells and terminal glia, and above all, they act as a gate-keeper [9,10,13,24,28]. Surgical and genetic ablation of BC cells results in ectopic motor neuron cell bodies and CNS glia mispositioned along ventral roots (Figure 2b) [9,10,13,29].…”

Section: Glia Orchestrate the Development Of The Nervous System At Tzsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Livin’ On The Edge: glia shape nervous system transition zones

Fontenas¹,

Kucenas²

2017

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

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The vertebrate nervous system is divided into two functional halves; the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which consists of nerves and ganglia. Incoming peripheral stimuli transmitted from the periphery to the CNS and subsequent motor responses created because of this information, require efficient communication between the two halves that make up this organ system. Neurons and glial cells of each half of the nervous system, which are the main actors in this communication, segregate across nervous system transition zones and never mix, allowing for efficient neurotransmission. Studies aimed at understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the development and maintenance of these transition zones have predominantly focused on mammalian models. However, zebrafish has emerged as a powerful model organism to study these structures and has allowed researchers to identify novel glial cells and mechanisms essential for nervous system assembly. This review will highlight recent advances into the important role that glial cells play in building and maintaining the nervous system and its boundaries.

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Section: Glia Orchestrate the Development Of The Nervous System At Tzsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Livin’ On The Edge: glia shape nervous system transition zones

Fontenas¹,

Kucenas²

2017

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

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“…Peripheral nerve glial cells are a heterogeneous population with distinct functions in different regions of the PNS (Figure ). Peripheral nerve roots, trunks and terminals are associated with Schwann cells (SCs) that are by far the best characterised peripheral glial cell type and these can be further divided into three main classes, myelinating Schwann cells (mSCs), nonmyelinating Schwann cells (nmSCs), and terminal Schwann cells (tSCs; also called perisynaptic SCs or teloglia), although other less well‐characterised sub‐types are starting to be defined in tissues such as the skin (Gresset et al, ; Jessen & Mirsky, ; Li & Ginty, ).…”

Section: A Brief Introduction To Peripheral Nerve Glial Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schwann cell plasticity‐roles in tissue homeostasis, regeneration, and disease

Stierli

Imperatore

Lloyd

2019

Glia

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How tissues are maintained over a lifetime and repaired following injury are fundamental questions in biology with a disruption to these processes underlying pathologies such as cancer and degenerative disorders. It is becoming increasingly clear that each tissue has a distinct mechanism to maintain homeostasis and respond to injury utilizing different types of stem/progenitor cell populations depending on the insult and/or with a contribution from more differentiated cells that are able to dedifferentiate to aid tissue regeneration. Peripheral nerves are highly quiescent yet show remarkable regenerative capabilities. Remarkably, there is no evidence for a classical stem cell population, rather all cell‐types within the nerve are able to proliferate to produce new nerve tissue. Co‐ordinating the regeneration of this tissue are Schwann cells (SCs), the main glial cells of the peripheral nervous system. SCs exist in architecturally stable structures that can persist for the lifetime of an animal, however, they are not postmitotic, in that following injury they are reprogrammed at high efficiency to a progenitor‐like state, with these cells acting to orchestrate the nerve regeneration process. During nerve regeneration, SCs show little plasticity, maintaining their identity in the repaired tissue. However, once free of the nerve environment they appear to exhibit increased plasticity with reported roles in the repair of other tissues. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms underlying the homeostasis and regeneration of peripheral nerves and how reprogrammed progenitor‐like SCs have broader roles in the repair of other tissues with implications for pathologies such as cancer.

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“…bNCSCs are neural crest derivatives that populate the entry/ exit points of spinal roots during embryonic development, 11,12 participate in cell migration and axon growth control at the spinal root-spinal cord interface, [13][14][15] contribute Schwann cells of spinal roots, nociceptive and thermoceptive neurons 11,12 and satellite cells to dorsal root ganglia (DRGs), 11 as well as terminal Schwann cells in the skin. 16 bNCSCs are able to generate central glial and neuronal cells in vitro and after transplantation in vivo. [17][18][19] During their differentiation to neurons and glia, bNCSCs also have a unique ability to induce proliferation of insulin producing beta cells and to increase beta cell survival and improve their function in co-culture 20,21 and cotransplantation 22 experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Mesoporous Silica Particles on Stem Cell Differentiation

Kozlova¹

2017

JSRT

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Abbreviations: bNCSC, boundary cap neural crest stem cell; DIFF, differentiation medium; eGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; Iba-1, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1; MSP, mesoporous silica particle; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; TRITC, tetramethylrhodamine-5-(and 6)-isothiocyanate; Vol, volume; Wt, weight IntroductionMesoporous silica particles (MSPs) are characterized by ordered porosity, sharp pore size distributions, high internal surface areas, and large pore volumes. 1,2 Control over these structural parameters makes them an ideal candidate for drug encapsulation, perfectly suited to uptake and carry large amounts of drugs that then get released with constant concentration. [3][4][5] The release of the actives can be diffusion controlled or may be triggered by a change in media temperature or pH.6 Creation of simultaneous release profiles is possible by using different pore structures (e. g., 2D hexagonal and 3D cubic) that enable a continuous discharge of a fine tuned mixture of active drugs over a given period of time.MSPs have already shown potential for life science applications over traditional polymer based delivery systems. They offer increased bioavailability, biocompatibility, controlled and targeted release, reduced drug-drug interactions, the potential to deliver both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs simultaneously, and the ability to customize release profiles for a combination of drugs. Moreover, nanoporous MSPs hold the potential to be not only a very efficient but also a cost effective drug delivery system. We previously showed that MSPs loaded with growth factor mimetics promote survival and differentiation of co-implanted neural stem cells, 7 indicating that the MSP delivery system can serve as a valuable tool for controlling differentiation of transplanted stem cells. Toxicological data from in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that unloaded MSPs have no observable harmful effects and are well tolerated. [8][9][10] However the possible influence of MSPs, used in our studies, on stem cell differentiation and on the non-neuronal response in the central nervous system has not been examined previously. Here we tested the effect of unloaded MSPs on in vitro differentiation of boundary cap neural crest stem cells (bNCSCs), a source of stem cells with remarkable therapeutic potential, and also analyzed the fate of MSPs at different time points after implantation into the spinal cord and on its surface. bNCSCs are neural crest derivatives that populate the entry/ exit points of spinal roots during embryonic development, 11,12 participate in cell migration and axon growth control at the spinal root-spinal cord interface, [13][14][15] AbstractStem cell transplantation is an attractive strategy to counteract the progression of neurodegenerative disorders and to replace lost neuronal cells. Despite successful generation of neuronal cell types in vitro, stem cell technology typically fails when applied in vivo. One of the reasons is lack of cont...

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Boundary Caps Give Rise to Neurogenic Stem Cells and Terminal Glia in the Skin

Cited by 64 publications

References 37 publications

Livin’ On The Edge: glia shape nervous system transition zones

Livin’ On The Edge: glia shape nervous system transition zones

Schwann cell plasticity‐roles in tissue homeostasis, regeneration, and disease

The Effect of Mesoporous Silica Particles on Stem Cell Differentiation

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