“…The second tradition is the engineering or materials perspective, in which there is a return of selected variables to a previous pre-disturbance equilibrium or state after an external stress (Pimm, 1984). This approach, widely adopted in a range of business, policy and organisational studies, is based on the notion that resilience represents "bouncing back" to an actual or perceived stable state in recovering from an external shock (Manyena et al, 2011;Aldunce et al, 2014;Darkow, 2019;DesJardine et al, 2019;Bondeli and Havenvid, 2022). Many papers posit the notion of responses to such external shocks may even make organisations, communities and/or individuals stronger by bouncing "forward" (Manyena et al, 2011), "back better" (Matyas and Pelling, 2015) or even "beyond" (Hoegl and Hartmann, 2021), reflecting Luthar et al's (2000, p. 543) contention that individual resilience refers to "positive adaptation within the context of significant adversity".…”