Botulinum toxin type B: An overview of its biochemistry and preclinical pharmacology

Callaway, James E.; Arezzo, Joseph C.; Grethlein, Andrew J.

doi:10.1053/mda.2001.24421

Cited by 25 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The effect duration of BTX is longer on a group basis for hyperhidrotic patients compared with patients with muscular disorders, but the intra-individual variation is substantial. BTX type A and B are structurally similar, but diverge in their acceptor binding, enzymatic activity, antigenicity and species sensitivities (2). Furthermore, the 4 products are formulated differently and their dosing units (U) are unique.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Botulinum Toxin Concentration on Reduction in Sweating: A Randomized, Double-blind Study

Rystedt¹,

Karlqvist²,

Bertilsson³

et al. 2013

Acta Derm Venerol

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Dose-response studies of botulinum toxin for reduction of sweating are sparse in the literature. The aim of this study was to determine the most appropriate concentrations of Botox ® , Dysport ® , Xeomin ® and NeuroBloc ® , respectively, in order to achieve the greatest reduction in sweating, thus reducing the costs and increasing the safety of treatment. Four concentrations of each product were investigated. Intradermal injections of all products and concentrations were applied to the backs of 20 consenting subjects, in a randomized, double-blind manner. Areas of anhidrotic and hypohidrotic skin were measured with an iodine-starch test after 4, 8 and 12 weeks, respectively. Optimal concentrations were found to be 25 U/ml for Botox and Xeomin, approximately 100 U/ml for Dysport, and 50 U/ml for NeuroBloc. When comparing the mean anhidrotic area per unit for 100 U/ml of each product, the calculated dose conversion ratios were 1:1.6:1.2:1.3 (Botox:Dysport:Xeomin:NeuroBloc). If, instead, the optimal concentration for each product was compared, the dose conversion ratios were 1:4.8:1.3:2.2. Thus, it is crucial to consider botulinum toxin concentration in a treatment regimen.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Botulinum Toxin Concentration on Reduction in Sweating: A Randomized, Double-blind Study

Rystedt¹,

Karlqvist²,

Bertilsson³

et al. 2013

Acta Derm Venerol

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“…The non-toxin components present in the complex confer on the toxin protection against degradation and rapid clearance in vivo during therapeutic application, and its larger size helps in better targeting and keeping more of its activity in the afflicted, injected muscle by reducing its rate of diffusion and hence its spread to distant unaffected muscles (Borodic et al, 2001;Callaway et al, 2002).…”

Section: P a Hoskisson 1 And G Hobbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the enhancement of anti-neurotoxin antibody production by subcomponents HA1 and HA3b of Clostridium botulinum type B 16S toxin-haemagglutinin

Atassi

2006

Microbiology

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“…In humans, weakening and end‐plate dysfunction have also been shown in muscles adjacent to injected muscles or to nonmuscular injection sites, such as in hyperhidrosis 71–74. The potential for spread of BTX action may vary between serotypes: spread of BTX/B to noninjected muscles in the same limb segment seems less than with BTX/A 75…”

Section: Neurophysiological Changes After Intramuscular Btx Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological effects of botulinum toxin in spasticity

Graciès

2004

Mov Disord.

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There is considerable evidence that injection of botulinum toxin (BTX) into muscles with spastic overactivity reduces resistance to passive movement in joints supplied by the injected muscles. The demonstration of improvement in active performance of the paretic limbs has been only anecdotal to date, and represents the most difficult challenge in research on BTX therapy in spastic paralysis. Data are reviewed that indicate several neurophysiological actions of BTX, other than the blocking of acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular ending: effects on the central nervous system, including retrograde axonal transport, reduced motoneuronal excitability, action on central synapses such as decreased Renshaw inhibition and increased presynaptic inhibition; action on gamma motoneuronal endings; action on most active terminals; spread of BTX to neighboring muscles; spread of BTX effects to remote muscles. Several of these neurophysiological actions are likely to contribute to improvement in active movements, as they may antagonize the primary mechanisms of functional impairment in patients with spastic paralysis: weakness, spastic cocontraction, spastic dystonia, and muscle shortening. We review the evidence for reduction of spastic cocontraction in both the injected muscle and its antagonist, and for improvement of antagonist weakness after BTX injection. The capacity of intramuscular BTX to reduce spastic dystonia and lengthen shortened muscles is also discussed based on prior literature. When injected into the more overactive of a pair of spastic antagonists around a joint, BTX should affect all the main mechanisms impairing active function around the joint.

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Botulinum toxin type B: An overview of its biochemistry and preclinical pharmacology

Cited by 25 publications

References 43 publications

Effect of Botulinum Toxin Concentration on Reduction in Sweating: A Randomized, Double-blind Study

Effect of Botulinum Toxin Concentration on Reduction in Sweating: A Randomized, Double-blind Study

On the enhancement of anti-neurotoxin antibody production by subcomponents HA1 and HA3b of Clostridium botulinum type B 16S toxin-haemagglutinin

Physiological effects of botulinum toxin in spasticity

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