Botulinum toxin A in the therapy of mimic facial lines

Abstract

In aesthetic medicine, many different methods of skin rejuvenation are available. At the end of the 1980s, the neurotoxin Botulinum toxin A (BT-A) led to a revolution in aesthetic-corrective dermatology for the treatment of mimic facial wrinkles. The toxin is produced by Clostridium botulinum and causes a reversible, selective muscle relaxation that leads to a temporary flattening of the mechanical part of wrinkling without the stigmata of invasive surgery. After two decades of experience in different medical disciplines, there has been remarkable clinical development and progress in research, the identification of new botulinum toxin serotypes, and also innovation in indications and combined modalities. These lead to new and interesting questions. BT-A offers the experienced, critical dermatologist a time-saving, effective, cosmetically satisfactory, non-invasive treatment for mimic facial wrinkles and neck and decollete lines, with only minor side effects. Dermatologists should have a profound anatomical knowledge and should be able to perform all injection techniques to meet the needs of ever more demanding patients and to ensure optimization of patient satisfaction. The following review summarizes the historical development and the mechanism of action of both frequently and rarely used injection techniques with BT-A for the treatment of wrinkles and lines of the upper face, neck and décolleté, and gives an update of different experiences encountered.

Mapping of the Antibody and T Cell Recognition Profiles of the HN Domain (Residues 449-859) of the Heavy Chain of Botulinum Neurotoxin A in Two High-Responder Mouse Strains

“…Intramuscular injection of BoNTs produces a reversible partial paralysis (chemodenervation) at the neuromuscular junction. BoNTs have been applied in the treatment of a variety of clinical conditions associated with involuntary muscle spasm and contractions as well as cosmetic and other therapeutic applications where chemodenervation of the neuromuscular junctions could be beneficial (Atassi and Oshima, 1999;Becker-Wegerich et al, 2001;Binder et al, 2002;Borodic et al, 2001;Cardoso and Jankovic, 1995;Gui et al, 2003;Silberstein, 2001;Turton et al, 2002). But the therapeutic benefits are not permanent and periodic injections are required.…”

�sthetische Dermatologie

“…1, 2) über seltenere Indikationen wie laterale Nasenfältchen ("bunny lines"), feine Unterlid-und Oberlippenfältchen, Mundwinkelfalten ("Marionettenfalten"), Kinnfalten, vertikale und horizontale Halsfalten hin zu Dekolletéfal-ten. Der geübte Anwender ist in bestimmten Grenzen zudem in der Lage, die Hö-he und Form der Augenbrauen ("Brauenlift", "open-eye-look") zu verändern oder die Mundwinkel anzuheben [5,15,18].…”

“…3-4 Einheiten Dysport ® einer Einheit Botox ® . Jede Dosisangabe bezieht sich immer nur auf das jeweilige Handelspräparat [5,15,18].…”

Aplicaciones estéticas de la toxina botulínica

“…42 Otras aplicaciones estéticas frecuentes, como es el caso del tratamiento de las "patas de gallo," las arrugas periorales y las bandas del platisma son, todavía, "extraoficiales." [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60] EL PRODUCTO En la actualidad existen tres preparados disponibles comercialmente de toxina botulínica, dos del subtipo A y uno del B. Los dos productos referidos a los subtipos A, son el Botox (Allergan, Irvine, Calif.) y el Dysport (Speywood Pharmaceuticals, Maidenhead, Inglaterra; Inamed, Santa Bárbara, Calif.).…”