2005
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2005.06.008
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Botulinum Toxin

Abstract: Botulinum toxin is regarded as the most lethal substance known. It is estimated that the human LD50 for inhalation botulism is 1 to 3 nanograms of toxin/kilogram body mass. Although only three cases of inhalational botulism have been described, an understanding of the pathophysiology of food-borne outbreaks, wound botulism, and infant botulism, and their therapies, enables the medical community to plan treatment in the event of an aerosol release of botulinum toxin. Antitoxin, vaccine, and F(ab')2 immune fragm… Show more

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Cited by 80 publications
(54 citation statements)
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“…Botulinal toxin is the most potent neurotoxin known. 2 The toxin does not appear to cross the blood-brain barrier, and it exerts its toxicity by affecting the transmission at all peripheral cholinergic junctions. It interferes with the normal release of acetylcholine from nerve terminals in response to depolarization.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Botulinal toxin is the most potent neurotoxin known. 2 The toxin does not appear to cross the blood-brain barrier, and it exerts its toxicity by affecting the transmission at all peripheral cholinergic junctions. It interferes with the normal release of acetylcholine from nerve terminals in response to depolarization.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Todos los signos neurológicos provocados por las BoNTs están relacionados al sistema nervioso periférico ya que, por su elevado peso molecular, no es capaz de atravesar la barrera hematoencefálica 49 . El botulismo se caracteriza por la disfunción generalizada de la neurona motora inferior, llevando a parálisis fláccida y debilidad.…”
Section: Manifestaciones Clínicasunclassified
“…Es habitual la regurgitación secundaria al megaesófago 96 . Pueden aparecer signos autonómicos parasimpáticos como disminución de la producción de saliva (con la consecuente queratoconjuntivis seca) y lágrimas, midriasis, constipación y retención urinaria 49 . La recuperación, si ocurre, tiene una duración variable de 14 a 24 días 7 .…”
Section: Manifestaciones Clínicasunclassified
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“…The bloodstream carries the toxin to the peripheral cholinergic synapses. It enters neurons by endocytosis at the nerve terminal and prevents synaptic vesicles from fusing with the nerve terminal, preventing their release of acetylcholine [81]. As few as 10 molecules of botulinum toxin can irreversibly stop acetylcholine release.…”
Section: Botulinum Toxin (Category A)mentioning
confidence: 99%