Botulinum neurotoxin type A in the masseter muscle: Effects on incisor eruption in rabbits

Navarrete, Alfonso L.; Rafferty, Katherine L.; Liu, Zi Jun; Ye, Wenmin; Greenlee, Geoffrey M.; Herring, Susan W.

doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2012.10.023

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In fact, Btx has been used for more than a decade to cause limb paresis in rodents and rabbits as a model of disuse osteopenia 10,11 . For example, one study using a rabbit model found that a single unilateral masseter muscle Btx injection produced “profound” morphological changes and bone loss in the mandibular condyle, as well as bone loss in the alveolar region 12,13 similar to that found in other more recent rodent and rabbit studies 14‐16 . In addition to the impact of muscle paresis on bone, Btx may also have direct effect on bone resorption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Effect of multiple injections of botulinum toxin into painful masticatory muscles on bone density in the temporomandibular complex

Raphael

Tadinada

Santiago

et al. 2020

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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Background Adverse effects of masticatory muscle injections of Botulinum Toxin (Btx) have been noted in animal and, less dramatically, human studies. Objective Among women treated in multiple community‐based private practices, to compare TMJ bone density and mandibular condylar volume between patients with myofascial TMJD receiving multiple masticatory muscle Btx treatments and similarly diagnosed women not receiving such treatment. Methods Cohorts consisted of women whose treatment charts indicated a diagnosis of myofascial TMJD: 35 received at least 2 Btx treatment cycles; 44 received none. Bone density at pre‐specified regions of interest (ROI) was defined by grey scale values from Cone Beam CT, adjusting for a fixed density phantom included in each scan. Mean bone density and mandibular condyle volume were compared between groups. Dose‐response effects were tested within the Btx‐exposed group. Results The mean density of primary and secondary ROIs was similar between exposure groups, as was condylar volume. Among Btx‐exposed women, increasing dose of Btx to the temporalis muscle was inversely proportional to the density of the trabecular area of the mandible body. Many Btx‐exposed women received smaller doses of Btx to the masseter muscles than in most TMJD Btx clinical trials. Conclusion Masticatory muscle injections of Btx failed to produce clinically significant TMJ bone‐related changes. Should Btx receive regulatory approval for treatment of myofascial TMJD, a phase IV study is recommended to evaluate potential adverse effects of Btx on bone and muscle when administered at higher doses and/or for more treatment cycles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Effect of multiple injections of botulinum toxin into painful masticatory muscles on bone density in the temporomandibular complex

Raphael

Tadinada

Santiago

et al. 2020

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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“…15 The uninjected-side condyle was within normal limits for all parameters at all times, as was the saline-injected-side condyle. Loading of the injected-side condyle was reduced rather than removed, and the rabbits chewed normally, 26 presumably because the other jaw closing muscles (uninjected masseter plus medial pterygoids and temporales) remained active. The microCT measurements verified overall bone loss was restricted to the BoNT/A-side condyle, but BoNT/A group animals showed extreme variability at the 12-week timepoint, with some injected-side condyles showing minimal recovery and others showing more bone than the opposite, uninjected-side condyle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone and cartilage changes in rabbit mandibular condyles after 1 injection of botulinum toxin

Matthys

Dang

Rafferty

et al. 2015

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics

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Introduction Temporary paralysis of the masseter muscle using botulinum toxin is a common treatment for temporomandibular disorders, bruxism, and muscle hypertrophy. Loss of masseter force is associated with decreased mandibular mineral density. Our objectives were (1) to establish whether bone loss at the mandibular condyle is regionally specific, and (2) to ascertain whether the treatment affects the condylar cartilage. Methods Young adult female rabbits received a unilateral masseter injection of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A, n=31), saline (n=19) or no injection (n=3) and were also injected with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), a replication marker. Termination occurred 4 or 12 weeks following treatment. Condyles were processed by paraffin histology. Cortical thickness, cartilage thickness and trabecular bone areal density were measured, and replicating cells were counted after BrdU reaction. Results BoNT/A rabbits exhibited a high frequency of defects in the condylar bone surface, occurring equally on injected and uninjected sides. Bone loss was seen only on the side of the BoNT/A injection. Cortical as well as trabecular bone was severely affected. The midcondylar region lost the most bone. Recovery at 12 weeks was insignificant. Condylar cartilage thickness showed no treatment effect but did increase with time. Numbers of proliferating cells were similar in treatment groups, but BoNT/A animals showed more side asymmetry in association with the condylar defects. Conclusion Bone loss may be a risk factor for the use of botulinum toxin in jaw muscles.

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“…Masticatory muscle hypofunction caused by BTX injection decreases the bite force and affects the dental occlusion and tooth eruption [ 19 , 20 ]. The masseter muscle volume and weight are significantly reduced by BTX injection [ 19 ], and the maximum bite force is also decreased [ 57 ].…”

Section: Broken Balance Muscle Function By Btx Injection and Its Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the maxilla and mandibular molar height are also increased after BTX injection into the masseter muscle [ 17 ]. Masticatory muscle weakness caused by BTX injection affects the tooth eruption state [ 19 , 20 ], and this tooth overeruption can affect the facial morphological changes, such as anterior open-bite, increased anterior facial height, and dolichofacial morphology [ 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Broken Balance Muscle Function By Btx Injection and Its Ementioning

confidence: 99%

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Correction of Malocclusion by Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection into Masticatory Muscles

Seok

Kim

2018

Toxins

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Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a neurotoxin, and its injection in masticatory muscles induces muscle weakness and paralysis. This paralytic effect of BTX induces growth retardation of the maxillofacial bones, changes in dental eruption and occlusion state, and facial asymmetry. Using masticatory muscle paralysis and its effect via BTX, BTX can be used for the correction of malocclusion after orthognathic surgery and mandible fracture. The paralysis of specific masticatory muscles by BTX injection reduces the tensional force to the mandible and prevents relapse and changes in dental occlusion. BTX injection in the anterior belly of digastric and mylohyoid muscle prevents the open-bite and deep bite of dental occlusion and contributes to mandible stability after orthognathic surgery. The effect of BTX injection in masticatory muscles for maxillofacial bone growth and dental occlusion is reviewed in this article. The clinical application of BTX is also discussed for the correction of dental malocclusion and suppression of post-operative relapse after mandibular surgery.Keywords: botulinum neurotoxin; masticatory system; maxillofacial bone; dental occlusion; orthognathic surgery Key contribution: BTX injection into masticatory muscles affects the maxillofacial bony growth and dental occlusion. In clinical practices, BTX injection has been used for reducing post-operative relapse after mandibular surgery.

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Botulinum neurotoxin type A in the masseter muscle: Effects on incisor eruption in rabbits

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

Effect of multiple injections of botulinum toxin into painful masticatory muscles on bone density in the temporomandibular complex

Effect of multiple injections of botulinum toxin into painful masticatory muscles on bone density in the temporomandibular complex

Bone and cartilage changes in rabbit mandibular condyles after 1 injection of botulinum toxin

Correction of Malocclusion by Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection into Masticatory Muscles

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