Botulinum Hemagglutinin: Critical Protein for Adhesion and Absorption of Neurotoxin Complex in Host Intestine

Molecular engineering of a minimal E-cadherin inhibitor protein derived from Clostridium botulinum hemagglutinin

“…HA is a nontoxic 470 kDa protein complex comprising six HA1, three HA2, and three HA3 subcomponents ( 3 ). HA has at least two biological activities that promote intestinal absorption of BoNTs: carbohydrate-binding activity ( 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ) and E-cadherin-binding activity ( 12 , 13 , 14 ). HAs derived from the serotype A BoNT complex (HA/A) and serotype B BoNT complex (HA/B) bind to the EC1–2 domain of E-cadherin, inhibiting its dimerization and causing epithelial barrier disruption ( 12 , 13 ).…”