Botulinum A toxin injection in patients with blepharospasm, torticollis and hemifacial spasm

Berardelli, Alfredo; Carta, Angelico; Stocchi, Fabrizio; Formica, Alessandro; Agnoli, A.; Manfredi, M.

doi:10.1007/bf02337443

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The rest of the articles were manually screened by the authors in order to meet the eligibility criteria. In the end, a total of 26 articles remained: five were retrospective studies [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ], three were prospective studies [ 26 , 27 , 28 ], nine were case reports [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ], six were case series [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ], and three were observational cross-sectional studies [ 44 , 45 , 46 ]. Table 2 shows detailed information about the included studies on diplopia in other movement disorders (besides Parkinson’s disease).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diplopia in Movement Disorders: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Ungureanu,

Irincu,

Diaconu

et al. 2024

JPM

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Introduction: Although the reported frequency of diplopia is between 10 to 40% of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other movement disorders, it remains one of the most undiagnosed non-motor symptoms. Furthermore, it has a major impact on the quality of life of these patients. The aim of this study is to systematically review the literature regarding the frequency, causes, and implications of diplopia in movement disorders. Methodology: An electronic search was conducted in March and June 2023 using the PubMed database in order to identify appropriate studies. Studies that were written in English, that represented observational, analytical studies, and case reports, and that provided information regarding diplopia in movement disorders were included in the systematic review. Results: A total of 686 articles were identified out of which 43 met the inclusion criteria. The studies included in the systematic review ranged from descriptive studies (case reports and case series) to analytical–observational studies (cross-sectional studies, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, and case–control studies). In Parkinson’s disease, the incidence of diplopia ranged from 10 to 38%. In these patients, diplopia was linked to the presence of visual hallucinations and cognitive decline but also to convergence insufficiency and the presence of motor fluctuations. Cases of diplopia secondary to deep brain stimulation were also reported. Diplopia was associated with longer disease duration and worse motor and non-motor scores. Diplopia was also reported in other movement disorders such as multiple system atrophy (frequency as high as 18%) and progressive supranuclear palsy (frequency as high as 39%) and was associated with increased mortality and shorter duration in life span. Conclusions: Diplopia occurs in up to 38% of patients with movement disorders and has a negative impact on their health-related quality of life. Treating physicians should actively ask about diplopia and other ophthalmological symptoms, as many patients do not spontaneously report them. The pathophysiology of diplopia is complex, and it involves heterogeneous peripheral and central mechanisms. The management of these patients should involve a multidisciplinary team of health professionals in order to provide appropriate, tailored management.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diplopia in Movement Disorders: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Ungureanu,

Irincu,

Diaconu

et al. 2024

JPM

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“…The onset of beneficial effect, peak effect and duration of clinical benefit in response to BTX-A are comparable with those observed, by various investigations who used botulinum toxin to treat dystonias, muscle cramps, spasticity and rigidity. 12,14,16,[24][25][26][27] The mean value for reappearance of significant spasms (in months) in the included cases was 5.0 (+ 1.7 Std. deviation, range 2-8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dose of BTX A was calculated according to the prevalent reports in literature and modified according to the severity of clinical status. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The dystonia was reassessed before each injection. Patients were evaluated at two weeks, six weeks and six months time after treatment with BTX A.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many physicians, even regarding the more common EBS, may have had no experience with MS and the patient may be told the process is psychological. 3 The injection of botulinum toxin A (BTX A) has now become an accepted treatment modality for EBS, HFS, and MS. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Several publications have addressed the role of BTX A in treatment of EBS, HFS and MS. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Hence, this study was undertaken in an attempt to see the role of BTX A in treatment of these movement disorders in the Nepalese population. movement disorders such as EBS, HFS and MS are treated by different modalities, including surgery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…movement disorders such as EBS, HFS and MS are treated by different modalities, including surgery. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Surgical treatment usually provides a lasting effect, however, in Nepal, surgical treatment for such movement disorders are either in its primitive stages or has not begun in many centres. This study is expected to provide a new dimension in treatment of EBS, HFS, and MS in Nepalese population and efficacy of orbicularis oculi muscle weaknening post treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of the injection Botulinum Toxin A in cases of Essential Blepharospasm Syndrome, Hemifacial Spasm and Meige’s Syndrome

Bastola¹,

Chaudhary

Agrawal

et al. 2012

Kathmandu Univ. Med. J.

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Background Benign Essential Blepharospasm Symdrome is a neuropathologic disorder. The cause of blepharospasm is multifactorial. It is unlikely that a single defect in this elusive control centre is the primary cause of this disease. Objectives To evaluate the role of botulinum toxin A in treating cases of Essential Blepharospasm Symdrome, Hemifacial Spasm and Meige’s Syndrome, and to assess orbicularis oculi muscle post treatment, in the patients who attended neuro-ophthalmology clinic and the general outpatient department of BP Koirala Lions Centre for Ophthalmic studies. Methods A prospective, interventional study was carried out on all the patients of Essential Blepharospasm Symdrome, Hemifacial Spasm and Meige’s syndrome who underwent treatment with botulinum toxin A in BP Koirala Lions Centre for Ophthalmic studies during a study period of one and half years. Pre- treatment grading of the spasm was done with Jankovic spasm grading and post treatment response was seen with assessment of orbicularis oculi muscle and improvement in functional impairment scale. Relevant findings were noted. Results A total of 40 cases were enrolled in the study. The mean Jankovic spasm grading in cases of essential blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm and Meige’s syndrome was 3.61 (±Standard deviation 0.50, range 3-4), 3.21 (±Standard deviation 0.63, range 2-4) and 3.67 (+- Standard deviation 0.57, range 3-4) respectively. The mean value for reappearance of significant spasms (in months) in cases of essential blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm and Meige’s syndrome was 4.3 (± Standard deviation 1.6, range 2.0-6.5), 5.8 (±Standard deviation 1.4, range 3-8) and 4.5 (± Std.deviation 2.8, range 2.5-6.5) respectively. Blepharoptosis was the commonest complication accounting for 66.6% of the complications.Conclusions The movement disorders like Essential Blepharospasm, Hemifacial Hpasm and Meige’s syndrome are treated by different modalities. An acceptable and effective treatment modality has been a long felt need in these cases. Our study has shown that injection of botulinum toxin A has been a safe and effective method of treating these cases in Nepal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v8i3.6217 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2010;8(3):305-10

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Drug-induced dysphagia

1993

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Dysphagia describes the disability or problems in swallowing a wet or dry bolus properly and is normally associated with an impaired transport of the bolus. Dysphagia can be accompanied by a pain sensation in the chest mostly caused by impaction of the food bolus in the esophagus. Odynophagia describes only the status of painful swallowing without an impairment of the swallow and transport function. Drug-induced dysphagia can be caused in two different ways. First as a normal drug side effect of the pharmacological action of the drug or as a complication of the therapeutic action of the drug. The normal drug side effect is most likely in drugs that affect smooth or striated muscle function or the sensitivity of the mucosa. The drug effect on smooth muscle function that causes dysphagia can be inhibitory or excitatory. Dysphagia is a common clinical symptom in patients with reduced perception of the pharyngeal mucosa which leads to an subjective impairment of swallowing. Dysphagia caused by a complication of the therapeutic action of a drug includes viral or fungal esophagitis in patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs or cancer therapeutic agents, or antibiotics and immunological reactions to certain drugs such as erythema exsudativa multiforme or Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Second, drug-induced dysphagia can be due to medication-induced esophageal injury (MIEI). In most cases this mucosal injury appears to be the direct result of prolonged contact of a potentially caustic drug with the esophageal mucosa. This form of medication-induced esophagitis is most likely to be found in elderly patients and patients with esophageal motility disorders.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Botulinum A toxin injection in patients with blepharospasm, torticollis and hemifacial spasm

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

Diplopia in Movement Disorders: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Diplopia in Movement Disorders: A Systematic Review of the Literature

The role of the injection Botulinum Toxin A in cases of Essential Blepharospasm Syndrome, Hemifacial Spasm and Meige’s Syndrome

Drug-induced dysphagia

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