Botulinal toxins and the problem of nomenclature of simple toxins.

Lamanna, Carl; Sakaguchi, Genji

doi:10.1128/mmbr.35.3.242-249.1971

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Schantz and Spero (1967) reported that type A strains produce 1 9 s toxin only in culture, whereas Sugii and Sakaguchi (1975) demonstrated that they produce only 12s toxin in culture. Lamanna and Sakaguchi (1971) proposed the term "progenitor toxin" to designate the toxin appearing first in culture and in food. They assigned the name to type A 1 9 s toxin and type E 1 2 s toxin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Botulogenic Properties of Vegetables With Special Reference to the Molecular Size of the Toxin in Them

Sugii

Sakaguchi

1977

Journal of Food Safety

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The molecular sizes of Clostridium botulinum type A, B, E, and F toxins produced in string beans, mushrooms, tuna fish and pork were determined to provide an explanation for the high botulogenic properties of vegetables. Type A and B organisms produced the orally more toxic 16S and 19S molecular‐sized toxins in vegetables, whereas they produced the orally less toxic 12S and only rarely some 16S toxin in tuna fish and pork. Type E and F organisms produced only 12S toxin in any food or culture medium, but addition of glucose seemed essential for appreciable toxin production. It appeared that the molecular sizes of type A and B toxins transform depending upon the content of iron and manganese salts in foods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Botulogenic Properties of Vegetables With Special Reference to the Molecular Size of the Toxin in Them

Sugii

Sakaguchi

1977

Journal of Food Safety

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“…Three different molecular forms of type A toxin, namely, 12, 16, and 19S (designated as M, L, and LL toxins, respectively), were demonstrated (18). Crystalline type A toxin consists exclusively of the 198 material (3,8,18). In spent type A culture, only the 19S toxin was demonstrated by one procedure (17), whereas only the 12S toxin was shown by another method (18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral toxicities of Clostridium botulinum toxins in response to molecular size

Ohishi¹,

Sugii²,

Sakaguchi³

1977

Infect Immun

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132

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Clostridium botulinum type A, B, and F toxins of different molecular sizes were fed to mice to compare the oral toxicities. The progenitor toxin, a complex of a toxic and nontoxic component, of any type was higher in oral toxicity to mice than the dissociated toxic component or the derivative toxin. The former may no doubt play a more important role in the pathogenesis of food-borne botulism. The higher oral toxicity possessed by the progenitor toxin, including the exceptionally high one found with type B-L toxin, can be explained solely by the protection afforded by the nontoxic component attached to the toxic component. The possibility of the highest oral toxicity of type B-L toxin to humans is discussed.

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“…which is significantly smaller than those of types A (900,000 [15]) and E (350,000 [12]) toxin. The specific toxicity of type F progenitor -!…”

Section: Purification Of Type F Progenitor Toxin (I)mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…z lines. The fact that the two lines were formed at any dilution of the toxin may suggest that type F progenitor toxin is also composed of two components, probably toxic and atoxic components, like types A and E progenitor toxin (15). Trypsinization of type F toxin at pH 6 did not induce any increased toxicity.…”

Section: Purification Of Type F Progenitor Toxin (I)mentioning

confidence: 93%