Bottom-up versus top-down policies towards the commercialization of university intellectual property

Goldfarb, Brent; Henrekson, Magnus

doi:10.1016/s0048-7333(02)00034-3

Cited by 366 publications

(204 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The importance of universities in encouraging regional technological change has been reported in some well-known studies of economically successful regions (MARKUSEN et al, 1986;SAXENIAN, 1994;STERNBERG and TAMÁSY, 1999;WEVER and STAM, 1999) and in studies that have used the national/regional systems of innovation as a framework (LUNDVALL et al, 2002;GOLDFARB and HENREKSON, 2003;GITTELMAN, 2006). Regional innovation systems are a suitable framework for understanding the general innovation process at a regional scale, and they also provide some relevant clues to assist in understanding the role of universities and the knowledge production of universities in a regional context.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Production of University Technological Knowledge in European Regions: Evidence from Patent Data

et al. 2009

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Acosta M., Coronado D., Leon M. D. and Martinez M. A. Production of university technological knowledge in European regions: evidence from patent data, Regional Studies. This paper explores the European regional distribution of the production of new technological knowledge generated by universities, as measured by patent counts. The empirical basis for this study is a unique panel data set of 4580 European university patents from 1998 to 2004. The main findings were a strong regional and sectoral concentration of patents, and no average relation between university technological specialization and industrial specialization. Furthermore, the results suggest that variations in regional research and development funding do affect patenting activities in regions, with elasticities showing constant returns to scale, but no evidence was found regarding the industrial potential of the region encouraging the production of new university technological knowledge. [image omitted] Acosta M., Coronado D., Leon M. D. et Martinez M. A. La production de la connaissance technologique universitaire dans les regions europeennes: des preuves provenant des donnees sur les brevets, Regional Studies. Cet article cherche a examiner la distribution regionale europeenne de la production de la nouvelle connaissance technologique universitaire en fonction du nombre de brevets. La base empirique de cette etude est un unique ensemble de donnees provenant d'une enquete par panel pour 4.580 brevets deposes par des universites europeennes entre 1998 et 2004. Il en a resulte principalement une forte concentration regionale et sectorielle des brevets et aucun rapport moyen entre la specialisation technologique universitaire et la specialisation industrielle. Qui plus est, les resultats laissent supposer que la variation du financement regional pour la R et D influent sur les activites regionales brevetables, dont les elasticites montrent des rendements d'echelle constants, mais il n'y avait pas de preuves quant a une correlation etroite entre le potentiel industriel de la region et la production de la nouvelle connaissance technologique universitaire. Regions europeennes Production de la connaissance Brevets universitaires Specialisation technologique Acosta M., Coronado D., Leon M. D. und Martinez M. A. Die Produktion von universitarem technischem Wissen in europaischen Regionen: Belege von Patentdaten, Regional Studies. In diesem Beitrag wird die regionale Verteilung der Produktion von neuem technischem Wissen, das von Universitaten in Europa erzeugt wird, anhand der Anzahl der Patente untersucht. Die empirische Grundlage fur diese Studie bildet ein eindeutiger Paneldatensatz mit 4580 Patenten europaischer Universitaten aus der Zeit von 1998 bis 2004. Unsere wichtigsten Ergebnisse waren eine ausgepragte regionale und sektorale Konzentration der Patente sowie keine durchschnittliche Beziehung zwischen der technischen Spezialisierung der Universitaten und der industriellen Spezialisierung. Daruber hinaus weisen unsere Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass sich...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Production of University Technological Knowledge in European Regions: Evidence from Patent Data

et al. 2009

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“…They claim that the main issue arises when the university tries to enhance the third mission while maintaining traditional higher education and research, when the clash among the three missions may arise more intensely. Rasmussen (2008) had already highlighted the success of the Canadian and US efforts to commercialize their universities' research from a bottom-up approach, while Goldfarb and Henrekson (2003) pointed out the failure of the top-down approach in a Swedish case. Similarly, found that a high level of top-down push about becoming an entrepreneurial university will have the effect of reducing the entire entrepreneurial activity of the whole university.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the attitudes on entrepreneurial universities: The case of Croatian and Spanish universities

Dabić

González‐Loureiro

Daim

2015

Technology in Society

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The objective of this paper is to present evidence that there are different types of supportive faculty members. We conducted a case study on a sample of Croatian and Spanish universities by using an already tested ENTRE-U scale for measuring the faculty members' attitudes. These two scenarios are quite different in terms of their innovation systems, economic context and university system. We tested and found no evidence of any statistically significant difference due to the country. These two facts suggest the possible existence of an isomorphic trajectory when implementing entrepreneurial universities regardless the context. University managers should be aware of the existence of three different types of supportive individuals. Each of these groups requires a certain program of human resource development. This shifts the debate to how entrepreneurial universities should manage the tensions arising from the need of some degree of specialization in any of the three roles of the faculty members, namely teaching, researching and transfer of the knowledge stemming from research results.

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“…Several studies, including these on the GEM data, have shown that most European countries are consistently lagging behind the U.S. when it comes to entrepreneurial attitude, culture, and entrepreneurial outcomes (Klofsten and Jones-Evans 2000;Goldfarb and Henrekson 2003). In response to this lack of entrepreneurship in Europe, the EU Commission has undertaken a number of initiatives to foster entrepreneurship and the commercialisation of research results (through, for example, the Framework Programmes and Horizon 2020; European Commission 2013).…”

Section: Research Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

How human capital interacts with the early development of academic spin-offs

2014

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This paper focuses on venture team characteristics with respect to human capital dimensions in early stage ventures emerging from academic research (institutions). Three major groups have been investigated: founders, top managers and directors. Data was obtained using personal interviews with 185 product-oriented academic spin-offs in nine European countries, including those of 17 failures. The results show a significant positive-but diminishing-impact of team heterogeneity on venture success, as well as a positive impact from legal expertise within the board of directors. At management level, the results further indicate that larger management team are better equipped to face the challenges in academic spin-offs. Furthermore, the added value of serial entrepreneurs is questioned, since they seem to negatively impact a spin-off's survival chances. Several implications are addressed, dealing with an appropriate team composition (on the levels of both top management and the board of directors) as well as the importance of paying attention to team development.

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Bottom-up versus top-down policies towards the commercialization of university intellectual property

Cited by 366 publications

References 37 publications

Production of University Technological Knowledge in European Regions: Evidence from Patent Data

Production of University Technological Knowledge in European Regions: Evidence from Patent Data

Unraveling the attitudes on entrepreneurial universities: The case of Croatian and Spanish universities

How human capital interacts with the early development of academic spin-offs

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