Bottom-up assembly of target-specific cytotoxic synthetic cells

Bücher, Jochen Estebano Hernandez; Staufer, Oskar; Ostertag, Lukas; Mersdorf, Ulrike; Platzman, Ilia; Spatz, Joachim P.

doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121522

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Apart from research efforts directed towards unrevealing the fundamental principles of cellular life forms, several studies have provided an initial demonstration of how the reductionistic designbuild-understand approach can be applied to biomedical research objectives [12][13][14][15] . In recent years, studies based on minimal biological systems have brought forward synthetic cells designed for therapeutic purposes.…”

Section: Bottom-up Engineering Of Life-like Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bottom-up assembly of viral replication cycles

et al. 2022

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Section: Bottom-up Engineering Of Life-like Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bottom-up assembly of viral replication cycles

et al. 2022

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“…Interesting examples include artificial cells driving neural differentiation, [29] erythrocyte membrane fragment-coated coacervates producing nitric oxide for blood vessel vasodilation, [30] and artificial cells producing insulin under hyperglycemic conditions to promote glucose uptake in MCF-7 cells, [31] among others. [8,16,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] Scheme 1. a) Semi-synthetic tissue is obtained by 3D printing of a composite bioink consisting of HepG2 cell aggregates and artificial cells as the solid phase and alginate/gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) as the liquid phase. HepG2 cells express CYP1A2 enzymes that convert resorufin ethyl ether (REE) to resorufin, while b) alginate-based artificial cells are equipped with metalloporphyrins (MP) that mimic the catalytic activity of CYP1A2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interesting examples include artificial cells driving neural differentiation, [ 29 ] erythrocyte membrane fragment‐coated coacervates producing nitric oxide for blood vessel vasodilation, [ 30 ] and artificial cells producing insulin under hyperglycemic conditions to promote glucose uptake in MCF‐7 cells, [ 31 ] among others. [ 8,16,32–41 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Cells and HepG2 Cells in 3D‐Bioprinted Arrangements

Westensee,

Paffen,

Pendlmayr

et al. 2024

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Artificial cells are engineered units with cell‐like functions for different purposes including acting as supportive elements for mammalian cells. Artificial cells with minimal liver‐like function are made of alginate and equipped with metalloporphyrins that mimic the enzyme activity of a member of the cytochrome P450 family namely CYP1A2. The artificial cells are employed to enhance the dealkylation activity within 3D bioprinted structures composed of HepG2 cells and these artificial cells. This enhancement is monitored through the conversion of resorufin ethyl ether to resorufin. HepG2 cell aggregates are 3D bioprinted using an alginate/gelatin methacryloyl ink, resulting in successful proliferation of the HepG2 cells. The composite ink made of an alginate/gelatin liquid phase with increasing amount of artificial cells is characterized. The CYP1A2‐like activity of artificial cells is preserved over at least 35 days, where 6 nM resorufin was produced in 8 hours. Composite inks made of artificial cells and HepG2 cell aggregates in a liquid phase are used for 3D bioprinting. The HepG2 cells proliferate over 35 days, and the structure has boosted CYP1A2 activity. The integration of artificial cells and their living counter parts into larger 3D semi‐synthetic tissues is a step towards exploring bottom‐up synthetic biology in tissue engineering.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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“…In the presence of Mg 2+ ions, the negative charges of the carboxylic groups on the Krytox surfactant destabilize the LUVs contained within the droplet, resulting in their fusion at the droplet interface and the formation of a droplet-stabilized GUV with the size of the stabilizing droplet, as illustrated in Figure 1A. [16] This method provides high yields and easy encapsulation of biomolecules, which has enabled different applications such as the creation of synthetic organelles, [18] the encapsulation of cortical elements (i.e., microtubules and actin), [16,19] the production of cytotoxic synthetic T-cells, [20] and the encapsulation of lyotropic liquid crystals. [21] Albeit its advantages, the surfactants used in this method strongly interact with the encapsulated molecules and, consequently, mediate undesired transport processes (via micellar or surfactant-association processes) to the outer oil phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles Assisted by Fluorinated Nanoparticles

Waeterschoot,

Gosselé,

Alizadeh Zeinabad

et al. 2023

Advanced Science

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In the quest to produce artificial cells, one key challenge that remains to be solved is the recreation of a complex cellular membrane. Among the existing models, giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are particularly interesting due to their intrinsic compartmentalisation ability and their resemblance in size and shape to eukaryotic cells. Many techniques have been developed to produce GUVs all having inherent advantages and disadvantages. Here, the authors show that fluorinated silica nanoparticles (FNPs) used to form Pickering emulsions in a fluorinated oil can destabilise lipid nanosystems to template the formation of GUVs. This technique enables GUV production across a broad spectrum of buffer conditions, while preventing the leakage of the encapsulated components into the oil phase. Furthermore, a simple centrifugation process is sufficient for the release of the emulsion‐trapped GUVs, bypassing the need to use emulsion‐destabilising chemicals. With fluorescent FNPs and transmission electron microscopy, the authors confirm that FNPs are efficiently removed, producing contaminant‐free GUVs. Further experiments assessing the lateral diffusion of lipids and unilamellarity of the GUVs demonstrate that they are comparable to GUVs produced via electroformation. Finally, the ability of incorporating transmembrane proteins is demonstrated, highlighting the potential of this method for the production of GUVs for artificial cell applications.

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Bottom-up assembly of target-specific cytotoxic synthetic cells

Cited by 19 publications

References 45 publications

Bottom-up assembly of viral replication cycles

Bottom-up assembly of viral replication cycles

Artificial Cells and HepG2 Cells in 3D‐Bioprinted Arrangements

Formation of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles Assisted by Fluorinated Nanoparticles

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