Bottom-up and top-down control of dispersal across major organismal groups

Fronhofer, Emanuel A.; Legrand, Delphine; Altermatt, Florian; Ansart, Armelle; Blanchet, Simon; Bonte, Dries; Chaine, Alexis S.; Dahirel, Maxime; Laender, Frederik De; Raedt, Jonathan De; Gesu, Lucie Di; Jacob, Staffan; Kaltz, Oliver; Laurent, Estelle; Little, Chelsea J.; Mathieu, Luc; Manzi, Florent; Masier, Stefano; Pellerin, Félix; Pennekamp, Frank; Schtickzelle, Nicolas; Therry, Lieven; Vong, Alexandre; Winandy, Laurane; Côté, Julien

doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0686-0

Cited by 100 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 99 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

154

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As plants are passive dispersers, we model their maximum dispersal distance as random and body mass independent. We model emigration rates as a function of each species' per capita net growth rate, which is summarising local conditions such as resource availability, predation pressure, and inter-and intraspecific competition [43]. During dispersal, distance-dependent mortality occurs, i.e., the further two patches are apart, the more biomass is lost to the hostile matrix separating them.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biggest losers: Habitat isolation deconstructs complex food webs from top to bottom

Häussler

Ryser

Stark

et al. 2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Habitat fragmentation is threatening global biodiversity. To date, there is only limited understanding of how the different aspects of habitat fragmentation (habitat loss, number of fragments and isolation) affect species diversity within complex ecological networks such as food webs. Here, we present a dynamic and spatially-explicit food web model which integrates complex food web dynamics at the local scale and species-specific dispersal dynamics at the landscape scale, allowing us to study the interplay of local and spatial processes in metacommunities. We here explore how the number of habitat patches, i.e. the number of fragments, and an increase of habitat isolation, affect the species diversity patterns of complex food webs (α-, β-, γ-diversity). We specifically test whether there is a trophic dependency in the effect of these to factors on species diversity. In our model, habitat isolation is the main driver causing species loss and diversity decline. Our results emphasise that large-bodied consumer species at high trophic positions go extinct faster than smaller species at lower trophic levels, despite being superior dispersers that connect fragmented landscapes better. We attribute the loss of top species to a combined effect of higher biomass loss during dispersal with increasing habitat isolation in general, and the associated energy limitation in highly fragmented landscapes, preventing higher trophic levels to persist. To maintain trophic-complex and species-rich communities calls for effective conservation planning which considers the interdependence of trophic and spatial dynamics as well as the spatial context of a landscape and its energy availability.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biggest losers: Habitat isolation deconstructs complex food webs from top to bottom

Häussler

Ryser

Stark

et al. 2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The relevance of ADD may increase with ongoing climate change: Many ecosystems are expected to change in their state, and mechanisms associated with ADD, such as dispersal or demography, are predicted to be especially vulnerable to climate change (Urban et al 2016). We thus speculate that the study of ADD would be especially relevant when matched with the study of dispersal strategies, dispersal syndromes, and dispersal genetics (Cote et al 2016, Fronhofer et al 2018, Saastamoinen et al 2018. A further possible interesting link between ADD and existing ecological literature is with respect to nonlinear dispersal responses and recruitment, such as tests of the Janzen-Connell model (Terborgh et al 2008) or inverse density-dependent dispersal (Little et al 2019).…”

Section: The Area Dependence Of Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metapopulations revisited: the area‐dependence of dispersal matters

Wang

Altermatt

2019

Ecology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The metapopulation concept initiated a paradigm shift in ecology and conservation biology, recognizing the eminent role of dispersal and colonization as fundamental processes contributing to species’ long‐term persistence. Early models made ad hoc assumptions about a positive area dependency of dispersal (i.e., total number of emigrants), which persisted in the theoretical literature; however, numerous empirical examples of negative area dependencies of dispersal have been reported. Here, we first give a qualitative overview for different area dependencies of dispersal in empirical systems. Then, using a spatially realistic Levins model, we show that extending assumptions on the area dependence of dispersal (ADD) to include all empirically supported parameter space, specifically also negative ADD, alters predictions on several conservation‐relevant patterns. Importantly, we find that small patches could be of similar importance as large ones if dispersal decreases inversely with patch area, a result contrasting with previous findings based on a positive ADD. This leads to context‐dependent strategies to preserve metapopulations. If dispersal is positively correlated with patch area, efforts should be devoted to preserving large patches and the total habitat area. If dispersal is negatively correlated with patch area, the most efficient strategy is to preserve a high number of patches, including small ones. Our results have direct implications for management decisions in the context of destruction, deterioration, and protection of habitat patches.

show abstract

“…These laboratory conditions proved useful to study many aspects of dispersal such as, e.g. , the architecture of dispersal syndromes, the causes of dispersal (Pennekamp et al 2014, Fronhofer et al 2018), the cooperation-colonization trade-off (Jacob et al 2016), range expansions (Fronhofer & Altermatt 2015, Fronhofer et al 2017), or (meta)population and community dynamics (Fox et al 2014, Jacob et al 2019). For a dispersal trial, a fraction of ~100,000 cells were placed in one of the two patches, called the departure patch while corridors were closed with clamps.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenerational dispersal plasticity and its fitness consequences are under genetic control

Cayuela¹,

Jacob

Schtickzelle

et al. 2019

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Phenotypic plasticity, the ability of one genotype to produce different phenotypes in different environments, plays a central role in species’ response to environmental changes. Transgenerational plasticity (TGP) allows the transmission of this environmentally-induced phenotypic variation across generations, and can influence adaptation. To date, the genetic control of TGP, its long-term stability, and its potential costs remain largely unknown, mostly because empirical demonstrations of TGP across many generations in several genetic backgrounds are scarce. Here, we examined how genotype determines the TGP of dispersal, a fundamental process in ecology and evolution. We used an experimental approach involving ~200 clonal generations in a model-species of ciliate to determine if and how TGP influences the expression of dispersal-related traits in several genotypes. Our results show that morphological and movement traits associated with dispersal are plastic, and that these modifications are inherited over at least 35 generations. We also highlight that genotype modulates the fitness costs and benefits associated with plastic dispersal strategies. Our study suggests that genotype-dependent TGP could play a critical role in eco-evolutionary dynamics as dispersal determines gene flow and the long-term persistence of natural populations. More generally, it outlines the tremendous importance that genotype-dependent TGP could have in the ability of organisms to cope with current and future environmental changes.SignificanceThe genetic control of the transgenerational plasticity is still poorly understood despite its critical role in species responses to environmental changes. We examined how genotype determines transgenerational plasticity of a complex trait (i.e., dispersal) in a model-species of ciliate across ~200 clonal generations. Our results provide evidence that plastic phenotypic variation linked to dispersal is stably inherited over tens of generations and that cell genotype modulates the expression and fitness cost of transgenerational plasticity.

show abstract

Bottom-up and top-down control of dispersal across major organismal groups

Cited by 100 publications

References 99 publications

The biggest losers: Habitat isolation deconstructs complex food webs from top to bottom

The biggest losers: Habitat isolation deconstructs complex food webs from top to bottom

Metapopulations revisited: the area‐dependence of dispersal matters

Transgenerational dispersal plasticity and its fitness consequences are under genetic control

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About