Bottlenose Dolphins' (Tursiops truncatus) Theory of Mind as Demonstrated by Responses to their Trainers’ Attentional States

Tomonaga, Masaki; Uwano, Yuka

doi:10.46867/ijcp.2010.23.03.03

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Tempelmann et al 15 found that as long as giving food was no longer restricted by body orientation, the orientation of the trainer’s head became the main factor in dictating apes’ behaviour. As the trainer’s body remained in the same position across all conditions in the current study, unlike Tomonaga et al 46 , head and eye cues seem to have been attended to by our dolphins, which follows the conclusions reported by Tempelmann et al 15 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 85%

“…However, our inferences about which attentional cues (e.g., body and/or head) used by dolphins differ from comparable studies that independently varied the orientation of these features 46 . For example, in a study in which bottlenose dolphins had to follow gestural commands given by humans with varied attentional states, Tomonaga et al 46 found that the behaviour of the dolphins seemed to be controlled by the orientation of the trainer’s body but not their head. However, as Tomonaga et al, only orientated the trainer’s head direction through 90 degrees, representing the equivalent of our ‘half looking’ condition, they may have found an effect of head direction if they had fully rotated the head away from the dolphin, as in our ‘not looking’ condition.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 85%

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Bottlenose dolphins are sensitive to human attentional features, including eye functionality

Davies

Garcia‐Pelegrin

2023

Sci Rep

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The ability to attribute attentional states to other individuals is a highly adaptive socio-cognitive skill and thus may have evolved in many social species. However, whilst humans excel in this ability, even chimpanzees appear to not accurately understand how visual attention works, particularly in regard to the function of eyes. The complex socio-ecological background and socio-cognitive skill-set of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.), alongside the specialised training that captive dolphins typically undergo, make them an especially relevant candidate for an investigation into their sensitivity to human attentional states. Therefore, we tested 8 bottlenose dolphins on an object retrieval task. The dolphins were instructed to fetch an object by a trainer under various attentional state conditions involving the trainer’s eyes and face orientation: ‘not looking’, ‘half looking’, ‘eyes open’, and ‘eyes closed’. As the dolphins showed an increased latency to retrieve the object in conditions where the trainer’s head and eyes cued a lack of attention to the dolphin, particularly when comparing ‘eyes open’ vs ‘eyes closed’ conditions, we demonstrate that dolphins can be sensitive to human attentional features, namely the functionality of eyes. This study supports growing evidence that dolphins possess highly complex cognitive abilities, particularly those in the social domain.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 85%

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 85%

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Bottlenose dolphins are sensitive to human attentional features, including eye functionality

Davies

Garcia‐Pelegrin

2023

Sci Rep

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“…Especially species that are more cognitively advanced would be able to communicate with other members of their species, be capable of rudimentary reflection and be able to act intentionally. Such abilities have been attributed to chimpanzees (De Waal & Tyack, 2003), dolphins (Tomonaga & Uwano, 2010) and corvids (Emery & Clayton, 2004). Biologists add that animals have these abilities to a (far) more limited extend than humans do.…”

Section: Old Animismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animism and Philosophy of Religion

2023

Palgrave Frontiers in Philosophy of Religion

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General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 02. Jun. 20241 A notable exception is Tiddy Smith's recent defense of the existence of nature spirits (Smith, 2020). 2 I discuss a moral-epistemic argument in Sect. 11.

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“…Several cognitive studies have been conducted in captivity in Japan that would have been impossible to conduct in the wild. The reviews of Morisaka (2009) and Tomonaga, Uwano, Ogura, and Saito (2010) should be referred to for additional information on this topic.…”

Section: Cognitive Studies On Captive Cetaceansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Studies on Captive Cetaceans in Japan: Working in Tandem with Studies on Cetaceans in the Wild

Morisaka¹,

Kohshima²,

Yoshioka³

et al. 2010

International Journal of Comparative Psychology

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Recent technological advances have allowed researchers to acquire a vast amount of information on wild cetaceans, much of which had previously been inaccessible. However, despite these new technologies, existing studies on cetaceans in captivity remain valuable. In this article, we review the recent research conducted on captive cetaceans in Japan to show their importance. We indexed the existing studies regarding behavior (resting behavior, vocal development, social behavior, and behavior differences between species), comparative cognition (echolocation ability), stress reduction, and reproductive physiology. The resulting data, as well as an understanding of the techniques used to obtain these data, will help improve the condition of cetaceans (especially endangered species) kept in captivity and fill in the gaps of studies done on cetaceans in the wild.Recent technological advances have allowed us to access a vast amount of information about cetaceans, which was previously inaccessible. For example, bio-logging science, which uses animal-borne recorders (data-loggers) that are able to record 3D movement, acoustic behavior, physiology, etc, has revealed the superb diving behavior and physical ability of cetaceans (see Naito, 2004;Rutz & Hays, 2009 for review). Animal-borne cameras such as the Crittercam have also revealed previously unknown behaviors of cetaceans in the depths of the ocean

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Bottlenose Dolphins' (Tursiops truncatus) Theory of Mind as Demonstrated by Responses to their Trainers’ Attentional States

Cited by 19 publications

References 61 publications

Bottlenose dolphins are sensitive to human attentional features, including eye functionality

Bottlenose dolphins are sensitive to human attentional features, including eye functionality

Animism and Philosophy of Religion

Recent Studies on Captive Cetaceans in Japan: Working in Tandem with Studies on Cetaceans in the Wild

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