Botrytis Gray Mold Nano- or Biocontrol: Present Status and Future Prospects

Gabal, Esraa; Asran-Amal, A.; Mohamed, Mohamed A.; Abd‐Elsalam, Kamel A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-13296-5_5

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, mycotoxins which are the secondary metabolites produced by molds have adverse effects on humans and animals (Zain, 2011). Growth of botrytis rot on plant materials is promoted by warm temperatures, minimal solar exposure, and high humidity (Elad, Yunis, & Mahrer, 1988; Martinez et al, 2003; Salinas, Glandorf, Picavet, & Verhoeff, 1989), although other factors affect fungal growth (Gabal, Amal‐Asran, & Abd‐Elsalam, 2019). Vibrations from machines and electronic devices during transit can damage plant‐based materials, opening up wounds that allow greater fungal infection (La Scalia et al, 2016; Slaughter, Hinsch, & Thompson, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic noise of refrigerators promote increased growth rate of the gray mold Botrytis cinerea

Hofstetter

Copp

Lukić

2020

Journal of Food Safety

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Botrytis rot (Botrytis cinerea) is a serious disease of fruit and vegetables around the globe. Botrytis rot is a problem not only in the field, but during storage, transit, and marketing, due to onset of severe rot on ripe produce. Fungal growth is promoted by warm temperatures and high humidity although other factors could play a role. Mechanical stimulation via vibroacoustic energy is known to affect the growth of organisms but is little studied in food safety of crop transportation and storage. We test whether mechanical energy in the form of vibrations and acoustic frequencies from in-store refrigerators and cold-storage units affect the growth rate of botrytis rot. We also test a broad range of single tones (frequency, Hz) and dyads (2-tone chords) from 110 to 25,088 Hz to determine if particular frequencies have differential effects on the growth of botrytis rot. Playback of vibroacoustic recordings of refrigerator units increased the growth of botrytis rot by 13-18%, on average, suggesting that acoustic output from storage units could promote the mold during transport, storage or within grocery stores. Increased fungal growth rate appears to be stimulated by high frequencies, above 5,000 Hz. Additionally, low frequencies below 165 Hz can reduce botrytis rot growth rate suggesting that exposure to very low frequency ranges could be used to control the fungus. Results of this study open new perspectives on how vibroacoustic output from electronic devices and machines may affect food quality and fungal contamination on fruit, flowers, and vegetable produce. 1 | INTRODUCTION Botrytis rot, commonly called "gray mold" or "botrytis bunch rot," is a serious disease of fruits, flowers and vegetables (Herrera-Romero,

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic noise of refrigerators promote increased growth rate of the gray mold Botrytis cinerea

Hofstetter

Copp

Lukić

2020

Journal of Food Safety

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“…While, fungal pathogens, for example, Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum, Puccinia sp., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, etc., have a broad host range and cause pre-and post-harvest diseases. Among them, causal agents of grey and white mold as well as black leg and dry rot are worthy of note (Amselem et al, 2011;Dean et al, 2012;Gabal et al, 2019). Plant pathogens spread rapidly and are increasingly aggressive and harmful leading to yield losses in cereals (maize, wheat, rice), vegetables (potatoes, tomatoes, brassicas), and fruits (Sundin et al, 2016;Nawaz et al, 2020;Hampf et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogenic nanosilver bearing antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities and its potential for application in agriculture and industry

et al. 2023

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IntroductionDue to the increasing resistance of bacteria and fungi to antimicrobials, it is necessary to search for effective alternatives to prevent and treat pathogens causing diseases in humans, animals, and plants. In this context, the mycosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are considered as a potential tool to combat such pathogenic microorganisms.MethodsAgNPs were synthesized from Fusarium culmorum strain JTW1 and characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Zeta potential measurement. The minimum inhibitory (MIC) and biocidal concentrations (MBC) were determined against 13 bacterial strains. Moreover, the combined effect of AgNPs with antibiotics (streptomycin, kanamycin, ampicillin, tetracycline) was also studied by determining the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) index. The anti-biofilm activity was examined by crystal violet and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) assays. Furthermore, antifungal activity of AgNPs was evaluated against a panel of phytopathogenic fungi viz., Botrytis, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Phoma, Sclerotinia, and an oomycete pathogen Phytophthora by agar well-diffusion and micro-broth dilution method to evaluate the minimal AgNPs concentrations that inhibit fungal spore germination.ResultsFungi-mediated synthesis resulted in the formation of small (15.56 ± 9.22 nm), spherical and stable (zeta potential of – 38.43 mV) AgNPs with good crystallinity. The results of FTIR spectroscopy indicated the presence of various functional groups, namely hydroxyl, amino, and carboxyl ones, from the biomolecules on the surface of AgNPs. The AgNPs showed antimicrobial and antibiofilm formation activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The values of MIC and MBC ranged between 16–64 and 32–512 μg mL−1, respectively. The enhanced effect of AgNPs in combination with antibiotics was confirmed against human pathogens. The highest synergistic effect (FIC = 0.0625) was demonstrated by the combination of AgNPs with streptomycin against two strains of Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922 and ATCC 8739), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (FIC = 0.125). Enhanced effects of AgNPs with ampicillin were also shown against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (FIC = 0.125) and P. aeruginosa (FIC = 0.25), as well as kanamycin against S. aureus ATCC 6538 (FIC = 0.25). The crystal violet assay revealed that the lowest concentration of AgNPs (0.125 μg mL−1) reduced the development of biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica, while the maximum resistance was shown by Salmonella infantis, its biofilm was reduced after exposure to a concentration of 512 μg mL−1. A high inhibitory effect on the activity of bacterial hydrolases was observed by the FDA assay. AgNPs at a concentration of 0.125 μg mL−1 reduced the hydrolytic activity of all biofilms formed by the tested pathogens, except E. coli ATCC 25922, P. aeruginosa, and Pectobacterium carotovorum (efficient concentration was 2-fold higher, at 0.25 μg mL−1), while the hydrolytic activity of E. coli ATCC 8739, Salmonella infantis and S. aureus ATCC 6538 was suppressed after treatment with AgNPs at concentrations of 0.5, 2 and 8 μg mL−1, respectively. Moreover, AgNPs inhibited fungal growth and spore germination of Botrytis cinerea, Phoma lingam, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. MIC and MFC values of AgNPs against spores of these fungal strains were determined at 64, 256, and 32 μg mL−1, and zones of growth inhibition were 4.93, 9.54, and 3.41 mm, respectively.DiscussionFusarium culmorum strain JTW1 was found to be an eco-friendly biological system for an easy, efficient and inexpensive synthesis of AgNPs. In our study, the mycosynthesised AgNPs demonstrated remarkable antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) and antibiofilm activities against a wide range of human and plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi singly and in combination with antibiotics. These AgNPs could be applied in medicine, agriculture, and food industry to control such pathogens that cause numerous human diseases and crop losses. However, before using them extensive animal studies are required to evaluate the toxicity, if any.

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Antifungal activity of Moringa oleifera-based nanoemulsions against Botrytis cinerea in tomato

Ahmadu,

Kutawa,

Ahmad

et al. 2024

Nanofungicides

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Botrytis Gray Mold Nano- or Biocontrol: Present Status and Future Prospects

Cited by 3 publications

References 149 publications

Acoustic noise of refrigerators promote increased growth rate of the gray mold Botrytis cinerea

Acoustic noise of refrigerators promote increased growth rate of the gray mold Botrytis cinerea

Biogenic nanosilver bearing antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities and its potential for application in agriculture and industry

Antifungal activity of Moringa oleifera-based nanoemulsions against Botrytis cinerea in tomato

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