Botrytis cinerea BcCDI1 protein triggers both plant cell death and immune response

Zhu, Wenjun; Dong, Huange; Xu, Ran; You, Jingmao; Ding, Yan; Xiong, Chao; Wu, Jian; Bi, Kai

doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1136463

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…To elaborate on the role of turgor formation for infection, we used a multifold Botrytis mutant, lacking 18 important phytotoxic secreted proteins (Supplementary table 1). This mutant is based on the previously established 12fold mutant (12xbb) 4 and includes deletion of the two most abundant polygalacturonases (PG1 and PG2) as well as the recently discovered phytotoxic proteins, SSP2 19 , Hip1 20 and CDI1 21 . In comparison to wildtype Botrytis , infection of the 18fold mutant is strongly impaired in virulence as shown by significantly reduced lesions on tomato leaflets (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant infection by the necrotrophic fungusBotrytisrequires actin-dependent generation of high invasive turgor pressure

Müller,

Bronkhorst,

Müller

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The devastating pathogenBotrytis cinereainfects a broad spectrum of host plants, causing great socio-economic losses. The necrotrophic fungus rapidly kills plant cells, nourishing their walls and cellular contents. To this end, necrotrophs secretes a cocktail of cell wall degrading enzymes, phytotoxic proteins and metabolites. Additionally, many fungi produce specialized invasion organs that generate high invasive pressures to force their way into the plant cell. However, for most necrotrophs, includingBotrytis, the biomechanics of penetration and its contribution to virulence are poorly understood. Here we use a combination of quantitative micromechanical imaging and CRISPR-Cas guided mutagenesis to show thatBotrytisuses substantial invasive pressure, in combination with strong surface adherence, for penetration. We found that the fungus establishes a unique mechanical geometry of penetration that develops over time during penetration events, and which is actin cytoskeleton dependent. Furthermore, interference of force generation by blocking actin polymerization was found to decreaseBotrytisvirulence, indicating that also for necrotrophs, mechanical pressure is important in host colonization. Our results demonstrate for the first time mechanistically how a necrotrophic fungus such asBotrytisemploys this “brute force” approach, in addition to the secretion of lytic proteins and phytotoxic metabolites, to overcome plant host resistance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant infection by the necrotrophic fungusBotrytisrequires actin-dependent generation of high invasive turgor pressure

Müller,

Bronkhorst,

Müller

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…In brief, cell wall‐degrading enzymes and nonselective toxins are major virulence factors as they are exported to degrade the host's cell wall, not only contributing to B. cinerea 's penetration ability but also activating the host immune response and spreading cell death (Bi et al., 2023 ). For instance, the secretory proteins snod‐prot‐like protein 1 (BcSPL1), xylanase 1 (BcXyl1), and cell death inducing 1 (BcCDI1) of B. cinerea have the ability to directly induce the plant hypersensitive response and cell death response by interacting with the leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinases BAK1 and SOBIR1 (Frías et al., 2011 ; Yang et al., 2018 ; Zhu et al., 2023 ). In addition to these secreted proteins, B. cinerea uses diverse infection structures such as infection cushions to penetrate the host (Backhouse & Willetts, 1987 ; Dugan, 1988 ).…”

Section: Molecular Basis Of B Cinerea 'S Host Targ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and molecular landscapes of the generalist phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea

Singh,

Caseys,

Kliebenstein

2023

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Botrytis cinerea Pers. Fr. (teleomorph: Botryotinia fuckeliana) is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen that attacks a wide range of plants. This updated pathogen profile explores the extensive genetic diversity of B. cinerea, highlights the progress in genome sequencing, and provides current knowledge of genetic and molecular mechanisms employed by the fungus to attack its hosts. In addition, we also discuss recent innovative strategies to combat B. cinerea.TaxonomyKingdom: Fungi, phylum: Ascomycota, subphylum: Pezizomycotina, class: Leotiomycetes, order: Helotiales, family: Sclerotiniaceae, genus: Botrytis, species: cinerea.Host rangeB. cinerea infects almost all of the plant groups (angiosperms, gymnosperms, pteridophytes, and bryophytes). To date, 1606 plant species have been identified as hosts of B. cinerea.Genetic diversityThis polyphagous necrotroph has extensive genetic diversity at all population levels shaped by climate, geography, and plant host variation.PathogenicityGenetic architecture of virulence and host specificity is polygenic using multiple weapons to target hosts, including secretory proteins, complex signal transduction pathways, metabolites, and mobile small RNA.Disease control strategiesEfforts to control B. cinerea, being a high‐diversity generalist pathogen, are complicated. However, integrated disease management strategies that combine cultural practices, chemical and biological controls, and the use of appropriate crop varieties will lessen yield losses. Recently, studies conducted worldwide have explored the potential of small RNA as an efficient and environmentally friendly approach for combating grey mould. However, additional research is necessary, especially on risk assessment and regulatory frameworks, to fully harness the potential of this technology.

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The secret password: Cell death-inducing proteins in filamentous phytopathogens - As versatile tools to develop disease-resistant crops

Sabnam

Hussain

Saha

2023

Microbial Pathogenesis

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Botrytis cinerea BcCDI1 protein triggers both plant cell death and immune response

Cited by 6 publications

References 52 publications

Plant infection by the necrotrophic fungusBotrytisrequires actin-dependent generation of high invasive turgor pressure

Plant infection by the necrotrophic fungusBotrytisrequires actin-dependent generation of high invasive turgor pressure

Genetic and molecular landscapes of the generalist phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea

The secret password: Cell death-inducing proteins in filamentous phytopathogens - As versatile tools to develop disease-resistant crops

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