Botrylloides crystallinus n. sp., a new Botryllinae Adams &amp; Adams, 1858 (Ascidiacea) from Mediterranean Sea

Bay-Nouailhat, Anne; Bay-Nouailhat, Wilfried; Gasparini, Fabio; Brunetti, Riccardo

doi:10.5252/zoosystema2020v42a9

Cited by 756 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A total of 134 new botryllid colonies were analysed in this study in conjunction with 43 additional botryllid samples whose 860-COI fragment was published in our previous studies 37,38,40 . The specimen collection is described in detail in Supplementary Table S1, which reports sampling localities (from Europe to Australia, Japan, California and Brazil), collection dates, initial and final species assignment, and other useful information.…”

Section: Botryllid Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Botryllid Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Botryllid Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For some specimens, a formalin-preserved fraction of the same colony was also available. As reported in Supplementary Table S1, among the archival specimens there are: the holotype and paratype of Botrylloides conchyliatus (Queensland Museum), the paratype of Botrylloides crystallinus 40 , two syntypes of Botryllus gaiae 38 , nine Australian Botrylloides without a clear assignment at species level (Queensland Museum, QM, Australia), and two colonies of Botryllus eilatensis (the Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Israel). As for the last species, it will be reported hereafter as Botrylloides eilatensis.…”

Section: Botryllid Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An elongated COI fragment to discriminate botryllid species and as an improved ascidian DNA barcode

Salonna

Gasparini

Huchon

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Botryllids are colonial ascidians widely studied for their potential invasiveness and as model organisms, however the morphological description and discrimination of these species is very problematic, leading to frequent specimen misidentifications.To facilitate species discrimination and detection of cryptic/new species, we developed new barcoding primers for the amplification of a COI fragment of about 860 bp (860-COI), which is an extension of the common Folmer’s barcode region. Our 860-COI was successfully amplified in 177 worldwide-sampled botryllid colonies. Combined with morphological analyses, 860-COI allowed not only discriminating known species, but also identifying undescribed and cryptic species, resurrecting old species currently in synonymy, and proposing the assignment of clade D of the model organism Botryllus schlosseri to Botryllus renierii. Importantly, within clade A of B. schlosseri, 860-COI recognized at least two candidate species against only one recognized by the Folmer’s fragment, underlining the need of further genetic investigations on this clade. This result also suggests that the 860-COI could have a greater ability to diagnose cryptic/new species than the Folmer’s fragment at very short evolutionary distances, such as those observed within clade A. Finally, our new primers simplify the amplification of 860-COI even in non-botryllid ascidians, suggesting their wider usefulness in ascidians.

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Section: Botryllid Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Botryllid Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Botryllid Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Botryllid Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An elongated COI fragment to discriminate botryllid species and as an improved ascidian DNA barcode

Salonna

Gasparini

Huchon

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…In addition, several other botryllids can undergo dormancy, including Botrylloides lentus , B. delicatus , B. prealongus and B. crystallinus . In all these species, the entry into dormancy involves resorption of all zooids and buds followed by vascular remodeling into a densely packed vascular mat, a process visually equivalent to WBR in B. diegensis shown here [ 22 , 37 – 39 ]. Histological sections of the resulting vascular mats during dormancy in B. leachii [ 31 ] (weeks to months) following the resorption event reveal the presence of cell aggregates and blastula-like structures; the first two steps in WBR that appear to be the dormant state of vascular buds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole body regeneration and developmental competition in two botryllid ascidians

Nourizadeh

Kassmer

Rodriguez

et al. 2021

EvoDevo

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Background Botryllid ascidians are a group of marine invertebrate chordates that are colonial and grow by repeated rounds of asexual reproduction to form a colony of individual bodies, called zooids, linked by a common vascular network. Two distinct processes are responsible for zooid regeneration. In the first, called blastogenesis, new zooids arise from a region of multipotent epithelium from a pre-existing zooid. In the second, called whole body regeneration (WBR), mobile cells in the vasculature coalesce and are the source of the new zooid. In some botryllid species, blastogenesis and WBR occur concurrently, while in others, blastogenesis is used exclusively for growth, while WBR only occurs following injury or exiting periods of dormancy. In species such as Botrylloides diegensis, injury induced WBR is triggered by the surgical isolation of a small piece of vasculature. However, Botryllus schlosseri has unique requirements that must be met for successful injury induced WBR. Our goal was to understand why there would be different requirements between these two species. Results While WBR in B. diegensis was robust, we found that in B. schlosseri, new zooid growth following injury is unlikely due to circulatory cells, but instead a result of ectopic development of tissues leftover from the blastogenic process. These tissues could be whole, damaged, or partially resorbed developing zooids, and we defined the minimal amount of vascular biomass to support ectopic regeneration. We did find a common theme between the two species: a competitive process exists which results in only a single zooid reaching maturity following injury. We utilized this phenomenon and found that competition is reversible and mediated by circulating factors and/or cells. Conclusions We propose that WBR does not occur in B. schlosseri and that the unique requirements defined in other studies only serve to increase the chances of ectopic development. This is likely a response to injury as we have discovered a vascular-based reversible competitive mechanism which ensures that only a single zooid completes development. This competition has been described in other species, but the unique response of B. schlosseri to injury provides a new model to study resource allocation and competition within an individual.

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An elongated COI fragment to discriminate botryllid species and as an improved ascidian DNA barcode

Salonna

Gasparini

Huchon

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Botryllids are colonial ascidians widely studied for their potential invasiveness and as model organisms, however the morphological description and discrimination of these species is very problematic, leading to frequent specimen misidentifications. To facilitate species discrimination and detection of cryptic/new species, we developed new barcoding primers for the amplification of a COI fragment of about 860 bp (860-COI), which is an extension of the common Folmer's barcode region. Our 860-COI was successfully amplified in 177 worldwide-sampled botryllid colonies. Combined with morphological analyses, 860-COI allowed not only discriminating known species, but also identifying undescribed and cryptic species, resurrecting old species currently in synonymy, and proposing the assignment of clade D of the model organism Botryllus schlosseri to Botryllus renierii. Importantly, within clade A of B. schlosseri, 860-COI recognized at least two candidate species against only one recognized by the Folmer's fragment, underlining the need of further genetic investigations on this clade. This result also suggests that the 860-COI could have a greater ability to diagnose cryptic/new species than the Folmer's fragment at very short evolutionary distances, such as those observed within clade A. Finally, our new primers simplify the amplification of 860-COI even in non-botryllid ascidians, suggesting their wider usefulness in ascidians.

show abstract

Botrylloides crystallinus n. sp., a new Botryllinae Adams & Adams, 1858 (Ascidiacea) from Mediterranean Sea

Cited by 756 publications

References 13 publications

An elongated COI fragment to discriminate botryllid species and as an improved ascidian DNA barcode

An elongated COI fragment to discriminate botryllid species and as an improved ascidian DNA barcode

Whole body regeneration and developmental competition in two botryllid ascidians

An elongated COI fragment to discriminate botryllid species and as an improved ascidian DNA barcode

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