Both Retinoic Acid Receptors α (RARα) and γ (RARγ) Are Able to Initiate Mouse Upper-Lip Skin Glandular Metaplasia

Blanchet, Sandrine; Favier, Bertrand; Chevalier, G.; Kastner, Philippe; Michaille, Jean‐Jacques; Chambon, Pierre; Dhouailly, Danielle

doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00275.x

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Retinoid pathway activities can induce epithelial metaplasia (Hardy and Bellow, 1978;Blanchet et al, 1998) and appendage phenotypes. When retinoic acid is added before phenotypes are irreversibly determined, scales are converted to feathers in chickens (Dhouailly et al, 1980) and hair germs are converted to glandlike structures in mouse (Hardy et al, 1990).…”

Section: Classical Tissue Recombination Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evo-Devo of amniote integuments and appendages.

Wu¹,

Hou²,

Plikus³

et al. 2004

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

190

186

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Integuments form the boundary between an organism and the environment. The evolution of novel developmental mechanisms in integuments and appendages allows animals to live in diverse ecological environments. Here we focus on amniotes. The major achievement for reptile skin is an adaptation to the land with the formation of a successful barrier. The stratum corneum enables this barrier to prevent water loss from the skin and allowed amphibian / reptile ancestors to go onto the land. Overlapping scales and production of β-keratins provide strong protection. Epidermal invagination led to the formation of avian feather and mammalian hair follicles in the dermis. Both adopted a proximal -distal growth mode which maintains endothermy. Feathers form hierarchical branches which produce the vane that makes flight possible. Recent discoveries of feathered dinosaurs in China inspire new thinking on the origin of feathers. In the laboratory, epithelial -mesenchymal recombinations and molecular mis-expressions were carried out to test the plasticity of epithelial organ formation. We review the work on the transformation of scales into feathers, conversion between barbs and rachis and the production of "chicken teeth". In mammals, tilting the balance of the BMP pathway in K14 noggin transgenic mice alters the number, size and phenotypes of different ectodermal organs, making investigators rethink the distinction between morpho-regulation and pathological changes. Models on the evolution of feathers and hairs from reptile integuments are discussed. A hypothetical Evo-Devo space where diverse integument appendages can be placed according to complex phenotypes and novel developmental mechanisms is presented.

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Section: Classical Tissue Recombination Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evo-Devo of amniote integuments and appendages.

Wu¹,

Hou²,

Plikus³

et al. 2004

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

190

186

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Section: Other Selective Retinoidsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The nitro group-substituted HX531 (114) was the most effective antagonist of these para-substituted analogs. Both HX531 (114) and HX539 (115) also attenuated RAR activity in transfection assays by functioning as either a partial agonist or antagonist. The N-propyl benzodiazepine HX603 (118) [307] was found to be the most effective RXRselective antagonist in the N-alkyl-substituted series.…”

Section: Other Selective Retinoidsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The Dawson group observed that binding affinities of retinoids to recombinant RAR subtypes or their ligandbinding domains (LBDs) did not always correlate with their relative subtype selectivities that had been determined using assays for transient transcriptional activation activity. Moreover, reported biological activities for subtype-selective retinoids may have been determined at concentrations at which selectivity was poor [14,114,115]. For example, Am580 (17), which is RAR α-selective at 10 nM-100 nM on the (TREpal) 2 -tk-CAT reporter, also activates RARβ and RARγ at 1.0 µM.…”

Section: Identification Of Retinoid Receptor-selective Retinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthetic Retinoids and Their Nuclear Receptors

Dawson¹

2004

CMCACA

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In addition to all-trans-retinoic acid and its 9 and 13-cis isomers, four synthetic retinoids are currently available to treat diseases of hyperproliferation, such as acne, psoriasis, and actinic keratosis, or cancers such as acute promelocytic leukemia, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and squamous or basal cell carcinoma. The retinoids extert their antiproliferative effects by interacting with their retinoic acid and retinoid X receptors that act as ligand-inducible transcription factors. These homologous receptors function either directly on retinoid response elements or indirectly by modifying the responses of other transcription factors. Their major domains for binding DNA and their ligands have been characterized by either nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy or X-ray crystallography. The identification and design of synthetic retinoids are overviewed, as are their selective interactions with specific retinoid receptor subtypes and their clinical effects against cancer. Emphasis is placed on the retinoid X receptors and their ligands.

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“…It was shown that RXRα has key roles in hair development and in epidermal keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation [3,84]. The knock-out of the RARα, RARβ, or RARγ genes does not prevent RA-induced mouse upper-lip skin glandular metaplasia, but RARγ knock-out dramatically decreases its ratio [87]. Both RARα and RARγ can initiate a glandular metaplasia, whereas RARβ cannot give rise to any metaplasia, but the following progression of metaplasia requires RARβ, indicating that these receptors have both redundant and unique functions [87].…”

Section: Development Of Skin In Retinoid Signaling Deficient Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Retinoic Acid-Induced Epidermal Transdifferentiation in Skin

Akimoto

Miyaji

Morimoto-Kamata

et al. 2014

JDB

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Retinoids function as important regulatory signaling molecules during development, acting in cellular growth and differentiation both during embryogenesis and in the adult animal. In 1953, Fell and Mellanby first found that excess vitamin A can induce transdifferentiation of chick embryonic epidermis to a mucous epithelium (Fell, H.B.; Mellanby, E. Metaplasia produced in cultures of chick ectoderm by high vitamin A. J. Physiol. 1953, 119, 470-488). However, the molecular mechanism of this transdifferentiation process was unknown for a long time. Recent studies demonstrated that Gbx1, a divergent homeobox gene, is one of the target genes of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) for this transdifferentiation. Furthermore, it was found that ATRA can induce the epidermal transdifferentiation into a mucosal OPEN ACCESS J. Dev. Biol. 2014, 2 159 epithelium in mammalian embryonic skin, as well as in chick embryonic skin. In the mammalian embryonic skin, the co-expression of Tgm2 and Gbx1 in the epidermis and an increase in TGF-β2 expression elicited by ATRA in the dermis are required for the mucosal transdifferentiation, which occurs through epithelial-mesenchymal interaction. Not only does retinoic acid (RA) play an important role in mucosal transdifferentiation, periderm desquamation, and barrier formation in the developing mammalian skin, but it is also involved in hair follicle downgrowth and bending by its effect on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and on members of the Runx, Fox, and Sox transcription factor families.

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Both Retinoic Acid Receptors α (RARα) and γ (RARγ) Are Able to Initiate Mouse Upper-Lip Skin Glandular Metaplasia

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Evo-Devo of amniote integuments and appendages.

Evo-Devo of amniote integuments and appendages.

Synthetic Retinoids and Their Nuclear Receptors

Retinoic Acid-Induced Epidermal Transdifferentiation in Skin

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