Both HIV-Infection and Long-Term Antiretroviral Therapy are Associated with Increased Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in HIV-Infected Adolescents and Young Adults

Viganò, Alessandra; Bedogni, Giorgio; Cerini, Chiara; Meroni, Luca; Giacomet, Vania; Stucchi, Sara; Fabiano, Valentina; Coletto, Sonia; Catalano, M.; Minola, Marzio; Zuccotti, Gian Vincenzo

doi:10.2174/157016210791330419

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…56 The risk of CHD is also likely to be higher in patients with chronic inflammation. 57 Carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT), a surrogate marker of artherosclerosis, has been associated with vascular inflammation in HIV-positive patients; 58,59 and HIV-positive patients are at increased risk for progression of cIMT compared with sex-and age-matched controls. 50,60 However, others have not shown an increased cIMT in HIV-positive patients compared with HIV-negative controls.…”

Section: Hiv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV infection, aging and cardiovascular disease: epidemiology and prevention

Petoumenos

Worm

2011

Sex. Health

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Abstract. In the developed world, HIV infection is now well managed with very effective and less toxic antiretroviral treatment. HIV-positive patients therefore are living longer, but are now faced by challenges associated with aging. Several non-AIDS associated morbidities are increased in this population, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is suggested that CVD occurs earlier among HIV-positive patients compared with HIV-negative patients, and at a higher rate. Several factors have been proposed to contribute to this. First, the traditional CVD risk factors are highly prevalent in this population. High rates of smoking, dyslipidaemia and a family history of CVD have been reported. This population is also aging, with estimates of more than 25% of HIV-positive patients in the developed world being over the age of 50. Antiretroviral treatment, both through its effect on lipids and through other, sometimes less well understood, mechanisms, has been linked to increased CVD risk. HIV infection, especially untreated, is a further contributing factor to increased CVD risk in HIV-positive patients. As the HIV-positive population continues to age, the risk of CVD will continue to increase. Guidelines for the management and prevention of CVD risk have been developed, and are largely modelled on those used in the general population. However, the data currently suggest that these interventions, such as the use of lipid-lowering medications and smoking cessation programs, remain quite low. A better understanding the mechanisms of CVD risk in this aging population and further efforts in improving uptake of prevention strategies will remain an important research area.

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Section: Hiv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV infection, aging and cardiovascular disease: epidemiology and prevention

Petoumenos

Worm

2011

Sex. Health

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“…CCA-IMT is a surrogate endpoint measure of atherosclerosis and has been shown to be increased in several studies on pediatric HIV. [5][6][7] Increased CCA-IMT has been associated with elevated high blood pressure and C-reactive protein, 7 insulin and glycosylated hemoglobin levels, 6 severe symptoms of HIV infection and use of protease inhibitors, 13 long-term exposure to HAART, [14][15][16] increased suprailiac skinfold, stavudine use, and low CD4+ T-lymphocyte count.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Improves Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Fitness, and Quality Of Life in Hiv+ Children and Adolescents: Pilot Study

Lima

Back

Beck

et al. 2017

International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences

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Children and adolescents infected by HIV through mother-to-child transmission are at high risk of developing premature cardiovascular diseases due to dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and low-grade chronic inflammation. The aim of the pilot study was to verify the effect of a playful exercise program on cardiovascular, morphological, metabolic, fitness, and quality of life outcomes. A non-randomized clinical trial consisting of 24 sessions of playful aerobic and resistive exercises was applied to 10 children and adolescents living with HIV from Florianopolis, Brazil. The following variables were obtained before and after the program: fasting total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, triglycerides, glucose, C-reactive protein, blood pressure, common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT), flexibility, muscular endurance, aerobic fitness, anthropometry, and measured quality of life. After the intervention, a decrease in systolic blood pressure (-6.8 mmHg, 6.6%; p = 0.019) and CCA-IMT (-60.0 µm, 12.2%; p = 0.002) was observed after 24 sessions. There was an increase in upper-limb muscular endurance (+3.3 rep.min -1 , 63.5%; p = 0.002), flexibility (+5.7 cm, 26.0%; p = 0.001), and quality of life (+10.4 points, 27.5%; p = 0.003). In our sample of children and adolescents living with HIV, a short-term exercise program was associated with improvement in cardiovascular risk, fitness, and quality of life.

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“…Among HIV-infected subjects, CCIMT was associated with the duration of exposure to a PI-based and NNRTI-based regimen plus single or double nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (11-20 years), but not with that of a NNRTI-based regimen (0-5 years), PI-based regimen (0-12 years), or NNRTI-and PI-based regimen (1-11 years). The authors concluded that HIV infection and long duration of ARV are risk factors for higher CCIMT in adolescents and young adults [40].…”

Section: Editorialmentioning

confidence: 98%

What happens to children growing up with HIV infection? It’s time for a HAART to heart

Viganò

Pattarino

Cerini

et al. 2009

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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Both HIV-Infection and Long-Term Antiretroviral Therapy are Associated with Increased Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in HIV-Infected Adolescents and Young Adults

Abstract: HIV infection and longer duration of cART are associated with higher CCIMT in adolescents and young adults.

Cited by 24 publications

References 40 publications

HIV infection, aging and cardiovascular disease: epidemiology and prevention

HIV infection, aging and cardiovascular disease: epidemiology and prevention

Exercise Improves Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Fitness, and Quality Of Life in Hiv+ Children and Adolescents: Pilot Study

What happens to children growing up with HIV infection? It’s time for a HAART to heart

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