Both Fish Oil and Olive Oil Lowered Plasma Fibrinogen in Women with High Baseline Fibrinogen Levels

Oosthuizen, Welma; Vorster, Hester H.; Jerling, Johann C.; Barnard, H. C.; Smuts, Cornelius M.; Silvis, N; Kruger, Annamarie; Venter, C S

doi:10.1055/s-0038-1648914

Cited by 62 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…17 Intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids or fish oils has also been associated with increased plasma PAI-1 activity in healthy individuals. 16,18 Taken together, these clinical data support the notion that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have a direct and positive effect on PAI-1 secretion also in vivo. The present study, along with 2 previous reports, demonstrate that this is, indeed, the case in vitro.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…10 In agreement with the in vitro data, administration of n-3 fatty acids in vivo has resulted in increased plasma PAI-1 activity. [15][16][17][18] Recently, a VLDL response element was identified in the promoter region of the PAI-1 gene locus that mediates VLDL-induced PAI-1 transcription in endothelial cells. 19 A VLDL-inducible transcription factor binds directly downstream of the common 4G/5G polymorphic site in the PAI-1 promoter.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unsaturated Fatty Acids Increase Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Expression in Endothelial Cells

Nilsson

Banfi

Diczfalusy

et al. 1998

ATVB

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Abstract-In vivo studies have demonstrated a strong positive correlation between plasma very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride and plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity levels. Furthermore, VLDL has been shown to induce PAI-1 secretion from cultured endothelial cells. In contrast, no or variable effects on PAI-1 secretion have been reported for native low density lipoprotein. It could be speculated that fatty acids derived from VLDL triglycerides are the actual mediators, resulting in an enhanced secretion of PAI-1. In the present study, we have analyzed the effects of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on PAI-1 expression and secretion by endothelial cells. Addition of 0 to 50 mol/L of either palmitic acid or stearic acid had no effect on PAI-1 secretion from human umbilical vein endothelial cells or EA.hy926 cells. In contrast, addition of oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid resulted in a significant increase in PAI-1 secretion from both cell types. Northern blot analysis of PAI-1 mRNA levels was in agreement with these findings. Transfection experiments demonstrated that addition of linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid significantly increased PAI-1 transcription. The fatty acid response region was localized to a previously described VLDL-inducible region of the PAI-1 promoter. Electromobility shift assays demonstrated that unsaturated fatty acids induced the same complex as did VLDL, whereas saturated fatty acids had no effect. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the activation procedure did not involve fatty acid oxidation to any significant extent. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that unsaturated fatty acids increase PAI-1 transcription and secretion by endothelial cells in vitro. The effect appears to be mediated by a previously described VLDL-inducible transcription factor. (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1998;18:1679-1685.)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unsaturated Fatty Acids Increase Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Expression in Endothelial Cells

Nilsson

Banfi

Diczfalusy

et al. 1998

ATVB

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“…104 This is independent of fibrinogen concentration but accompanied by a decrease in total cholesterol and lipoprotein A. Red wine, 105 fish oil, and olive oil 106 consumption have been shown to lower fibrinogen. Further studies would be needed to determine whether these changes have any therapeutic relevance to thrombotic disease.…”

Section: Lifestyle Factors-diet and Smokingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Fibrin Structure and Function

Scott

Ariëns

Grant

2004

ATVB

138

129

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Abstract-The formation of a fibrin clot is one of the key events in atherothrombotic vascular disease. The structure of the fibrin clot and the genetic and environmental factors that modify it have effects on its biological function. Alterations in fibrin structure and function have implications for the clinical presentation of vascular disease. This review briefly describes the key features involved in the formation of a fibrin clot, its typical structure, and function. This is followed by a review of the current literature on genetic and environmental influences on fibrin structure/function and the relationship to clinical disease. Key Words: fibrin Ⅲ hemostatis Ⅲ genetic Ⅲ environment Ⅲ atherothrombosis D iseases associated with the development of thrombosis are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Atherothrombotic vascular disorders develop over many decades and involve the interaction of classic atherogenic risk factors such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension with abnormalities of the inflammatory and hemostatic systems. Arterial disease develops in a high-pressure, high-flow system, with lipid deposition and smooth muscle hyperplasia occurring to form an atherosclerotic plaque. 1 Subsequently, the plaque becomes unstable and ruptures exposing a prothrombotic lipid core activating the clotting cascade and leading to the development of a platelet-rich fibrin blood clot and arterial thrombotic occlusion. The extent of this process determines clinical outcome, ranging from no clinically noticeable event to acute coronary artery syndromes including myocardial infarction (MI), cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular disease, or sudden death. The Formation of a Fibrin ClotFibrin is the major protein constituent of the blood clot and is formed from fibrinogen, a glycoprotein that circulates largely inactively, in the blood stream. Fibrinogen consists of 6 polypeptide chains (A␣, B␤, ␥) 2 held together by disulphide bonds in a molecule with bilateral symmetry (Figure 1). The molecule consists of 3 main structural regions, 2,3 including a central region (E), which contains fibrinopeptides A and B and the amino acid termini of all 6 polypeptide chains, 2 distal regions (D) connected to the E region by 2 ␣-helical coiled segments and the D regions containing the carboxyl termini of the B␤ and ␥ chains, and those of the A␣ chain, which extend to form relatively flexible ␣C-domains, each ending in a globular domain. 2,3 In situations of tissue injury and inflammation, thrombin is generated after cleavage of prothrombin by the Xase complex. Thrombin subsequently binds to fibrinogen and cleaves the amino termini of the fibrinogen A␣ and B␤ chains at region E. This results in the release of fibrinopeptides A and B from fibrinogen, producing fibrin and initiating fibrin clot formation. Release of fibrinopeptide A by thrombin is fast and exposes a polymerization site on the E region of fibrin. 4,5 This combines with a complementary binding site on the ␥ chain in the D region of an adjac...

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“…These shifts in the eicosanoid pathways induced by nҀ3 fatty acids lead to overall antithrombotic effects. In addition, fish oils reduce the levels of one or more coagulation factors, including reductions in factors VII and X (69). Fibrinogen levels in blood, an independent cardiovascular risk factor and a vitamin K-independent protein, are also decreased by fish oil (70).…”

Section: Effects Of N؊3 Fatty Acids On Platelet Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

n−3 Fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: mechanisms underlying beneficial effects

Jung

Torrejón

Tighe

et al. 2008

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Dietary nҀ3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, are important nutrients through the life cycle. Evidence from observational, clinical, animal, and in vitro studies indicates a beneficial role of nҀ3 fatty acids in the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease. Although the precise mechanisms are still unclear, clinical and preclinical studies indicate that the cardioprotective effects of nҀ3 fatty acids may be attributed to a number of distinct biological effects on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, blood pressure, platelet function, arterial cholesterol delivery, vascular function, and inflammatory responses.Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87(suppl):2003S-9S.

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Both Fish Oil and Olive Oil Lowered Plasma Fibrinogen in Women with High Baseline Fibrinogen Levels

Cited by 62 publications

References 24 publications

Unsaturated Fatty Acids Increase Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Expression in Endothelial Cells

Unsaturated Fatty Acids Increase Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Expression in Endothelial Cells

Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Fibrin Structure and Function

n−3 Fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: mechanisms underlying beneficial effects

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