Botanical Remains from the Baumer Component at Kincaid Mounds

Parker, Kathryn E.; Butler, Brian M.

doi:10.1080/01461109.2017.1333221

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…Archaeological evidence indicates that this site was intermittently occupied since ca. 4000 BCE, with the first evidence for intensive settlement and village construction beginning during the Early and Middle Woodland Baumer phase from 300 BCE to 300 CE (Butler and Crow, 2013;Butler and Welch, 2006;Parker and Butler, 2017). Kincaid was subsequently abandoned, or intermittently occupied by a sparse population, from ca.…”

Section: Study Site and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-Columbian lead pollution from Native American galena processing and land use in the midcontinental United States

Bird

Wilson

Escobar

et al. 2019

Geology

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The presence and sources of pre-Columbian (before 1492 CE) lead (Pb) pollution in the midcontinental United States were investigated using geochemical and Pb isotope analyses on sediment cores recovered from Avery Lake, a floodplain lake located directly adjacent to the Kincaid Mounds archaeological site on the lower Ohio River, Illinois. Geochemical results indicate the presence of Pb pollution during the Baumer (300 BCE to 300 CE) and Mississippian (1150–1450 CE) occupations, and since the 1800s. Pb isotope results link Mississippian Pb pollution to the processing and use of galena primarily from southeastern and/or central Missouri, and to a lesser extent the upper Mississippi River valley, with ∼1.5 t (metric tons) of galena-derived Pb deposited in Avery Lake during this time. Pb pollution during the Baumer phase, equating to ∼0.4 t of Pb, was not accompanied by a Pb isotope excursion and most likely originated from local biomass burning. These results provide new information about the environmental impacts associated with pre-Columbian Native Americans’ interaction with and utilization of their landscape and its resources.

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Section: Study Site and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-Columbian lead pollution from Native American galena processing and land use in the midcontinental United States

Bird

Wilson

Escobar

et al. 2019

Geology

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Differences in forest composition following two periods of settlement by pre-Columbian Native Americans

Commerford

Gittens

Gainforth

et al. 2022

Veget Hist Archaeobot

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Temperate broadleaf forests in eastern North America are diverse ecosystems whose vegetation composition has shifted over the last several millennia in response to climatic and human drivers. Yet, detailed records of long-term changes in vegetation composition and diversity in response to known periods of human activity, particularly multiple distinct periods of human activity at the same site, are still relatively sparse. In this study, we examine a sediment record from Avery Lake, Illinois, USA, using multiple metrics derived from pollen data to infer vegetation composition and diversity over the last 3,000 years. This 3,000-year history encompasses the Baumer (300 bce-300 ce) and Mississippian settlements (1150-1450 ce) at Kincaid Mounds (adjacent to Avery Lake), and captures differences in the impact that these groups had on vegetation composition. Both groups actively cleared the local landscape for settlement and horticultural/agricultural purposes. Given the persistence of fire-tolerant Quercus in conjunction with declines in other tree taxa, this clearing likely occurred through the use of fire. We also apply a self-organized mapping technique to the multivariate pollen assemblages to identify similarities and differences in vegetation composition across time. Those results suggest that the vegetation surrounding Avery Lake was compositionally similar before and after the Baumer settlement, but compositionally different after the Mississippian settlement. The end of the Mississippian settlement occurred simultaneously with a regional shift in moisture characterized by drier summers and wetter winters associated with the Little Ice Age (1250-1850 ce), which likely prevented this ecosystem from returning to its pre-Mississippian composition.

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Wiggle-Matched Red Cedar from a Pre-Monumental Occupation at Kincaid Mounds, Illinois, USA

et al. 2022

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Botanical Remains from the Baumer Component at Kincaid Mounds

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Pre-Columbian lead pollution from Native American galena processing and land use in the midcontinental United States

Pre-Columbian lead pollution from Native American galena processing and land use in the midcontinental United States

Differences in forest composition following two periods of settlement by pre-Columbian Native Americans

Wiggle-Matched Red Cedar from a Pre-Monumental Occupation at Kincaid Mounds, Illinois, USA

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