Botanical limnological methods with special reference to the algae

Lund, John W.; Talling, J. F.

doi:10.1007/bf02870144

Cited by 159 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 381 publications

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“…and Sladeckova (1962) discussed periphyton terminology. Several reviews of methodology are also available (Lund and Talling 1957, Sladeckova 1962, Sladecek and Sladeckova 1964. Current recommended methods for periphyton collection are detailed by Weber (1973).…”

Section: Chapter II Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation with Stream Order in Species Composition, Diversity, Biomass, and Chlorophyll of Periphyton in Otter Creek, Oklahoma

Seyfer¹,

Wilhm²

1977

The Southwestern Naturalist

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Section: Chapter II Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation with Stream Order in Species Composition, Diversity, Biomass, and Chlorophyll of Periphyton in Otter Creek, Oklahoma

Seyfer¹,

Wilhm²

1977

The Southwestern Naturalist

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“…Micro-organisms grow on the surface and can be counted microscopically, after preparation, in relation to a unit of exposure time. Previously used for algae (see Lund & Talling, 1957), this method was first applied in soil by Cholodny (1930) and in water by Karsinkin (1934). Although it has been considered a direct method (Henrici, 1933), this view does not accord with the definition above, since the surface properties of the slides promote growth of attaching bacteria and cause a selection of sessile forms (ZoBell, 1943).…”

Section: Direct Observation Of Planktonic Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Planktonic Bacteria by Means of a Direct Membrane Filter Method

Jannasch¹

1958

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARY: Direct observations on the occurrence and spatial distribution of planktonic bacteria were made by using a membrane filter technique. The membrane filters were treated to allow direct microscopic examination of bacteria on their surfaces. Deviations between direct counts on the membranes and plate (colony) counts of bacteria depended upon availability of organic matter in the natural waters studied, and can be accounted for by clumping effects and the occurrence of very small forms not visible on the membrane filter surfaces. Indirect evidence for these 'dwarf' forms was provided by later development of colonies with cells of normal size, after the membrane filter was placed on a nutrient medium. This response suggests that the organisms are zymogenous forms. Pure cultures of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas Jluorescens were used in some experiments to demonstrate the relationship between the clumping effect and concentration of dissolved nutrients in water. A concentration of 0-5 mg. peptonell. in a tap-water medium caused accumulations of bacteria around clean chitin particles ; accumulations of bacteria did not develop at the higher concentrations tested. This behaviour is explained by the local differences in concentrations of nutrients in the medium. It correlates with the observations on natural populations.The nutritional factor determines not only the distribution of bacteria in natural waters, but also the methods available for their demonstration. Only enriched substrates yield readily measurable bacterial growth and metabolic products in laboratory cultures as well as in nature. The lack of direct indicators of quantity of bacterial growth in media very poor in nutrients may have been a cause for much more work being done on the bacteria of bottom deposits of natural waters as compared to the planktonic forms.In uncontaminated natural waters the concentration of dissolved organic matter is generally low, but when suitable solid or colloidal organic matter is present, individual bacteria may be confronted with higher concentrations of nutrients. By means of largely unknown and complex adjustments, natural populations of bacteria are able to decompose organic compounds over a wide range of concentration and composition. I n the same way that bacterial populations adjust to natural conditions, they adjust to artificial conditions of cultivation. Consequently, it is impossible to determine their original activity after transfer to a medium enriched in nutrients. This means of increasing the formation of reaction products is integral to most of the general methods of estimating the quantity of bacteria. If any process is involved whereby metabolism is promoted, the method should be defined as indirect and the results applied with caution to ecological problems (Gibson, 1957). The

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“…Ryther (1956) has described and compared rateintensity characteristics of photosynthesis measured in the sea and in sunlight reduced by graded neutral filters. His estimates of underwater light intensities in foot-candles are based upon a single vertical extinction coefficient expressing the diminution in the response of a photo-cell with depth, and suffer from limitations discussed by Lund and Talling (1957) and Strickland ( 1958).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Laboratory and Field Studies of Photosynthesis by a Marine Planktonic Diatom1

Tailing

1960

Limnology & Oceanography

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A study is described of the factors affecting measurcmcnts of phytoplankton photosynthesis by the much used field method, based upon changes of oxygen concentration in clear and darken&l bottles as dctcrmined by the Winkler method. Unialgal cultures of a marine plankton diatom, Chndtoceras nffinis, were used with short exposllres of 1-3 hours in both laboratory and sea. Indications of ,i limitation of photosynthetic rate by inadcquatc CO2 supply were only found for culture media with pH raised by prolonged photosynthesis. Otherwise photosynthetic rates wcrc unaltcrcd by the bicarbonate concentration over a wide range, including that of uncnrichcd sea-water, or by ccl1 sedimentation in unshaken cultures. A comparison of the Winkler and manometric methods of measuring oxygen production gave very similar results. High rates of photosynthesis were well maintained over the main period of each exposure, despite the development of oxygen supersaturation.

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Botanical limnological methods with special reference to the algae

Cited by 159 publications

References 381 publications

Variation with Stream Order in Species Composition, Diversity, Biomass, and Chlorophyll of Periphyton in Otter Creek, Oklahoma

Variation with Stream Order in Species Composition, Diversity, Biomass, and Chlorophyll of Periphyton in Otter Creek, Oklahoma

Studies on Planktonic Bacteria by Means of a Direct Membrane Filter Method

Comparative Laboratory and Field Studies of Photosynthesis by a Marine Planktonic Diatom1

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