Botanical Composition of Tropical Grass‐Legume Pastures Estimated with Near‐Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

Pitman, W. D.; Piacitelli, C. K.; Aiken, Glen E.; Barton, Franklin E.

doi:10.2134/agronj1991.00021962008300010025x

Cited by 24 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…On fodder mixtures, two different methods have been applied to provide the pure material for calibration series, so called “artificial” and “real” samples (Cougnon et al, 2013). It has been claimed that calibrations based on “artificial” samples, which are attained from pure stands (Coleman et al, 1985; Petersen et al, 1987), have good calibration statistics but fail to predict real validation samples while “real” samples, obtained by hand sorting of species mixtures (Shaffer et al, 1990; Wachendorf et al, 1999), reflect the environmental and thus spectral variation to a greater extent (Pitman et al, 1991; Cougnon et al, 2013). Studying roots, Roumet et al (2006) used both “artificial” and “real” samples, originating from both natural and environmentally controlled conditions, and found that the predictive equations for calibration were robust.…”

Section: Total and Taxa-specific Root Biomass Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant roots and spectroscopic methods – analyzing species, biomass and vitality

Rewald

Meinen

2013

Front. Plant Sci.

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In order to understand plant functioning, plant community composition, and terrestrial biogeochemistry, it is decisive to study standing root biomass, (fine) root dynamics, and interactions belowground. While most plant taxa can be identified by visual criteria aboveground, roots show less distinctive features. Furthermore, root systems of neighboring plants are rarely spatially segregated; thus, most soil horizons and samples hold roots of more than one species necessitating root sorting according to taxa. In the last decades, various approaches, ranging from anatomical and morphological analyses to differences in chemical composition and DNA sequencing were applied to discern species’ identity and biomass belowground. Among those methods, a variety of spectroscopic methods was used to detect differences in the chemical composition of roots. In this review, spectroscopic methods used to study root systems of herbaceous and woody species in excised samples or in situ will be discussed. In detail, techniques will be reviewed according to their usability to discern root taxa, to determine root vitality, and to quantify root biomass non-destructively or in soil cores holding mixtures of plant roots. In addition, spectroscopic methods which may be able to play an increasing role in future studies on root biomass and related traits are highlighted.

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Section: Total and Taxa-specific Root Biomass Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant roots and spectroscopic methods – analyzing species, biomass and vitality

Rewald

Meinen

2013

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Hand sorting is slow and laborious and although visual estimation is rapid, there may be many unquanti®able errors (Coleman et al 1985). Shenk et al (1979) originally showed that NIRS could be used to determine the proportion of legumes in legume-grass mixtures to an accuracy of about 10% and several studies have attempted to expand this concept to more complex pastures (e.g., Coleman et al 1990;Pitman et al 1991;Atkinson et al 1996). Arti®cial mixtures of Fig.…”

Section: Resolution Of Complex Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological applications of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy - a tool for rapid, cost-effective prediction of the composition of plant and animal tissues and aspects of animal performance

Foley¹,

McIlwee

Lawler³

et al. 1998

Oecologia

434

339

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Many ecological studies rely heavily on chemical analysis of plant and animal tissues. Often, there is limited time and money to perform all the required analyses and this can result in less than ideal sampling schemes and poor levels of replication. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) can relieve these constraints because it can provide quick, non-destructive and quantitative analyses of an enormous range of organic constituents of plant and animal tissues. Near infrared spectra depend on the number and type of C[Formula: see text]H, N[Formula: see text]H and O[Formula: see text]H bonds in the material being analyzed. The spectral features are then combined with reliable compositional or functional analyses of the material in a predictive statistical model. This model is then used to predict the composition of new or unknown samples. NIRS can be used to analyze some specific elements (indirectly - e.g., N as protein) or well-defined compounds (e.g., starch) or more complex, poorly defined attributes of substances (e.g., fiber, animal food intake) have also been successfully modeled with NIRS technology. The accuracy and precision of the reference values for the calibration data set in part determines the quality of the predictions made by NIRS. However, NIRS analyses are often more precise than standard laboratory assays. The use of NIRS is not restricted to the simple determination of quantities of known compounds, but can also be used to discriminate between complex mixtures and to identify important compounds affecting attributes of interest. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy is widely accepted for compositional and functional analyses in agriculture and manufacturing but its utility has not yet been recognized by the majority of ecologists conducting similar analyses. This paper aims to stimulate interest in NIRS and to illustrate some of the enormous variety of uses to which it can be put. We emphasize that care must be taken in the calibration stage to prevent propagation of poor analytical work through NIRS, but, used properly, NIRS offers ecologists enormous analytical power.

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“…Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is a rapid non-destructive technique with the capacity to distinguish and quantify botanical composition in mixtures (Locher et al 2005a;Pitman et al 1991;Wachendorf et al 1999). The fact that near-infrared radiation is absorbed mainly by C-H, N-H and O-H bonds, of which organic compounds are composed, makes it particularly suitable to determine the composition of organic mixtures (Foley et al 1998;Richardson and Reeves 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy to predict species composition in tree fine-root mixtures

Bauhus

2010

Plant Soil

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Assessment of belowground interactions in mixed forests has been largely constrained by the ability to distinguish fine roots of different species. Here, we explored near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict the proportion of woody fine roots in mixed samples and analyzed whether the prediction quality of NIRS models is related to the complexity of the fine-root mixture. For model calibration and validation purposes, 11 series of artificial mixed species samples containing known amounts of fine roots of up to four temperate tree species and non-woody plants were prepared. Three types of models with different calibration/validation approaches were developed and tested against external independent data for additional validation. With these models the proportion of each species in root mixtures was predicted accurately with low standard error of prediction (RMSECV/RMSEP <6.5%) and high coefficient of determination (r 2 >0.93) for all fine-root mixtures. In addition, NIRS models also provided satisfactory estimates for samples with low (<15%) or no content of particular components. The predictive power of the NIRS models did not decrease substantially with increasing complexity of the root samples. The approach presented here is a promising alternative to hand sorting of fine roots, which may be influenced substantially by operator variation, and it will facilitate investigating belowground interactions between woody species.

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Botanical Composition of Tropical Grass‐Legume Pastures Estimated with Near‐Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

Cited by 24 publications

References 10 publications

Plant roots and spectroscopic methods – analyzing species, biomass and vitality

Plant roots and spectroscopic methods – analyzing species, biomass and vitality

Ecological applications of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy - a tool for rapid, cost-effective prediction of the composition of plant and animal tissues and aspects of animal performance

Use of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy to predict species composition in tree fine-root mixtures

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