Boson-Boson Bound States in Higher-Derivative Electromagnetism Augmented by a Chern-Simons Term

Abstract

The Chern-Simons term alone is unable to form "scalar Cooper pairs". Nonetheless, there exist charged-scalar-boson-charged-scalar-boson bound states in the framework of Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory. Numerical calculations indicate that there are also Cooper pairs within the context of three-dimensional electromagnetism with a cutoff (three-dimensional electromagnetism with higher derivatives) supplemented by a Chern-Simons term. We show that it is always possible to find an interval where the models with higher derivatives have a total number of bound states greater than those with lower derivatives.