Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Surface Microtrap

Ott, Herwig; Fortágh, József; Schlotterbeck, Götz; Grossmann, Alexander; Zimmermann, C.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.87.230401

Cited by 338 publications

(259 citation statements)

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“…Such lower dimensional BECs have been studied theoretically [92][93][94][95][96][97][98] (see also Ref. [51] for a rigorous mathematical analysis) and have been realized experimentally in optical and magnetic traps [99], in optical lattice potentials [100][101][102][103] and surface microtraps [78,79].…”

Section: Small-amplitude Linear Excitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[75,76]). Additional recent possibilities include the design and implementation of external potentials, offered, e.g., by the so-called atom chips [77][78][79] (see also the review [80]). Importantly, the major flexibility for the creation of a wide variety of shapes and types of external potentials (e.g., stationary, time-dependent, etc), has inspired many interesting applications (see, for example, Sec.…”

Section: The External Potential In the Gp Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[51] for a rigorous mathematical analysis) and have been realized experimentally in optical and magnetic traps [99], in optical lattice potentials [100][101][102][103] and surface microtraps [78,79].…”

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Nonlinear waves in Bose–Einstein condensates: physical relevance and mathematical techniques

2008

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Abstract. The aim of the present review is to introduce the reader to some of the physical notions and of the mathematical methods that are relevant to the study of nonlinear waves in Bose-Einstein Condensates (BECs). Upon introducing the general framework, we discuss the prototypical models that are relevant to this setting for different dimensions and different potentials confining the atoms. We analyze some of the model properties and explore their typical wave solutions (plane wave solutions, bright, dark, gap solitons, as well as vortices). We then offer a collection of mathematical methods that can be used to understand the existence, stability and dynamics of nonlinear waves in such BECs, either directly or starting from different types of limits (e.g., the linear or the nonlinear limit, or the discrete limit of the corresponding equation). Finally, we consider some special topics involving more recent developments, and experimental setups in which there is still considerable need for developing mathematical as well as computational tools.PACS numbers: 03.75. Kk, 03.75.Lm, 05.45 • EP: Ermakov-Pinney (Equation)• GP: Gross-Pitaevskii (Equation)• KdV: Korteweg-de Vries (Equation)• LS: Lyapunov-Schmidt (Technique)• MT: Magnetic Trap• NLS: Nonlinear Schrödinger (Equation)• NPSE: Non-polynomial Schrödinger Equation IntroductionThe phenomenon of Bose-Einstein condensation is a quantum phase transition originally predicted by Bose [1] and Einstein [2,3] in 1924. In particular, it was shown that below a critical transition temperature T c , a finite fraction of particles of a boson gas (i.e., whose particles obey the Bose statistics) condenses into the same quantum state, known as the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). Although BoseEinstein condensation is known to be a fundamental phenomenon, connected, e.g., to superfluidity in liquid helium and superconductivity in metals (see, e.g., Ref.[4]), BECs were experimentally realized 70 years after their theoretical prediction: this major achievement took place in 1995, when different species of dilute alkali vapors confined in a magnetic trap (MT) were cooled down to extremely low temperatures [5][6][7], and has already been recognized through the 2001 Nobel prize in Physics [8,9]. This first unambiguous manifestation of a macroscopic quantum state in a manybody system sparked an explosion of activity, as reflected by the publication of several thousand papers related to BECs since then. Nowadays there exist more than fifty experimental BEC groups around the world, while an enormous amount of theoretical work has followed and driven the experimental efforts, with an impressive impact on many branches of Physics.From a theoretical standpoint, and for experimentally relevant conditions, the static and dynamical properties of a BEC can be described by means of an effective mean-field equation known as the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation [10,11]. This is a variant of the famous nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation [12] (incorporating an external potential used to confine th...

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Section: Small-amplitude Linear Excitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The External Potential In the Gp Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonlinear waves in Bose–Einstein condensates: physical relevance and mathematical techniques

2008

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“…Consequently, placing a MOT close to a surface implies that either the surface and the laser beam diameters have to be small enough relative to the height of the MOT above the surface or that the surface is transparent or reflecting. The problem of a material object (partially) obstructing the access of the six beams used in a conventional MOT has also been circumvented by producing the MOT [12] or even the condensate [13] elsewhere and transfer it to the chip by means of dynamic magnetic fields [12] or optical tweezers [13]. The alternative is to directly load a mirror MOT [9,14,15,16] only millimeters away from a reflecting surface that acts as a mirror.…”

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Optimized magneto-optical trap for experiments with ultracold atoms near surfaces

et al. 2004

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We present an integrated wire-based magnetooptical trap for the simplified trapping and cooling of large numbers of neutral atoms near material surfaces. With a modified U-shaped current-carrying Cu structure we collect > 3 × 10 8 87 Rb atoms in a mirror MOT without using quadrupole coils. These atoms are subsequently loaded to a Z-wire trap where they are evaporatively cooled to a Bose-Einstein condensate close to the surface.

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“…In recent years, successes at loading atoms directly onto fabricated structures [2,3], evaporation in purely optical traps [4,5,6], and transport of atoms from one vacuum chamber to another [7,8,9] have created Bose-Einstein condensates (and in some cases degenerate gases of new species) in environments where enhanced optical access and proximity to surfaces allows for the discovery of new phenomena.…”

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Optically plugged quadrupole trap for Bose-Einstein condensates

Naik¹,

Raman²

2005

Phys. Rev. A

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We created sodium Bose-Einstein condensates in an optically plugged quadrupole magnetic trap (OPT). A focused, 532nm laser beam repelled atoms from the coil center where Majorana loss is significant. We produced condensates of up to 3 × 10 7 atoms, a factor of 60 improvement over previous work [1], a number comparable to the best all-magnetic traps, and transferred up to 9 × 10 6 atoms into a purely optical trap. Due to the tight axial confinement and azimuthal symmetry of the quadrupole coils, the OPT shows promise for creating Bose-Einstein condensates in a ring geometry.

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Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Surface Microtrap

Cited by 338 publications

References 25 publications

Nonlinear waves in Bose–Einstein condensates: physical relevance and mathematical techniques

Nonlinear waves in Bose–Einstein condensates: physical relevance and mathematical techniques

Optimized magneto-optical trap for experiments with ultracold atoms near surfaces

Optically plugged quadrupole trap for Bose-Einstein condensates

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