Borreliella burgdorferi Antimicrobial-Tolerant Persistence in Lyme Disease and Posttreatment Lyme Disease Syndromes

Cabello, Felipe C.; Embers, Monica E.; Newman, Stuart A.; Godfrey, Henry P.

doi:10.1128/mbio.03440-21

Cited by 20 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 207 publications

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“…Lyme disease has existed in Europe for over 100 years, and as we discussed ( 1 ), many of the first clinical reports showing persistence of borrelia after adequate treatment were from Europe ( 4 ). One possible reason for the lack of past recognition of PTLDS is that its chronic symptomatology was ascribed to other etiologies.…”

Section: Replymentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Dr. Luger is correct in noting that the number of cases mentioned in our review is based on insurance data ( 1 ). We agree that the true number of cases is likely to lie somewhere between 30,000 and 476,000 ( 2 ).…”

Section: Replymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It could certainly be greater, since cases of the disease are increasing in number and geographical distribution. This increase is important to any discussion of posttreatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS), since at least 10 to 20% of cases of Lyme disease are currently thought likely to develop PTLDS ( 1 , 3 ).…”

Section: Replymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reply to Luger, “Why Is It So Hard to Find Persistent Borreliella burgdorferi?”

Cabello

Embers

Newman

et al. 2022

mBio

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Section: Replymentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Replymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reply to Luger, “Why Is It So Hard to Find Persistent Borreliella burgdorferi?”

Cabello

Embers

Newman

et al. 2022

mBio

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“…It can range in severity from a rather mild illness to the patients having severe cognitive impairments. CFS has many clinical features in common with another somewhat controversial illness termed chronic Lyme disease [50][51][52][53][54][55]. This supposedly tick-borne illness is attributed to chronic infection with Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renegade Bacterial Genetic Sequences in a Stealth Adapted Virus: Biological and Diagnostic Implications

2022

Preprint

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There are major differences between viruses, bacteria, and eukaryotic cells in the structuring of their genomes, modes of replication, and capacity to horizontally transfer genetic sequences. DNA sequencing studies on a virus cultured from a patient with the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) have confirmed a previously underappreciated capacity of certain viruses to capture and transfer bacterial and cellular genetic sequences between eukaryotic cells as part of the infectious process. The virus originated from an African green monkey simian cytomegalovirus (SCMV). It is termed a stealth adapted virus since infection is not accompanied by inflammation. The immune evasion is attributed to the loss and mutation of the genes coding for the relatively few components that are normally targeted by the cellular immune system. This article is further elucidation of the origins of many of the bacterial-derived genetic sequences present in the virus. There are multiple clones with close but non-identical sequence alignments with different genomic regions of the Ochrobactrum quorumnocens A44 species of bacteria. Another set of clones matched most closely to diverse genomic regions of Mycoplasma fermentans bacteria. The sequences of several other clones could only be approximately aligned to those of different types of bacteria. The sequence of clone 3B513 is consistent with genetic contributions from the genomes of several types of bacteria. The term viteria refers to viruses with bacteria-derived genetic sequences. They are the likely primary cause of CFS and autism, and to act as major cofactors in many illnesses, including AIDS. As a more general phenomenon viteria with different types of renegade bacterial sequences can lead to the mistaken diagnoses of bacterial rather than viral diseases. It is important to genetically sequence additional stealth adapted viruses from patients with a wide range of illnesses, including those currently being attributed to Mycoplasma, Borrelia, or Streptococcal infections.

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“…In other bacterial species, treatment with low levels of β-lactam antibiotics leads to weakening of the cell wall and cytoplasmic distortion due to osmotic influx of water [19][20][21][22]. However, there is a pervading hypothesis in the literature and among some physicians that β-lactam-induced "round bodies" are a genetically-encoded response by B. burgdorferi to avoid antibiotic killing [16][17][18][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease spirochete, possesses genetically-encoded responses to doxycycline, but not to amoxicillin

Saylor

Casselli²,

Lethbridge³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Some species of bacteria respond to antibiotic stresses by altering their transcription profiles, in order to produce proteins that provide protection against the antibiotic. Understanding these compensatory mechanisms allows for informed treatment strategies, and could lead to the development of improved therapeutics. To this end, studies were performed to determine whether Borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochetal agent of Lyme disease, also exhibits genetically-encoded responses to the commonly prescribed antibiotics doxycycline and amoxicillin. After culturing for 24 h in a sublethal concentration of doxycycline, there were significant increases in a substantial number of transcripts for proteins that are involved with translation. In contrast, incubation with a sublethal concentration of amoxicillin did not lead to significant changes in levels of any bacterial transcript. We conclude that B. burgdorferi has a mechanism(s) that detects translational inhibition by doxycycline, and increases production of mRNAs for proteins involved with translation machinery in an attempt to compensate for that stress.

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Borreliella burgdorferi Antimicrobial-Tolerant Persistence in Lyme Disease and Posttreatment Lyme Disease Syndromes

Cited by 20 publications

References 207 publications

Reply to Luger, “Why Is It So Hard to Find Persistent Borreliella burgdorferi?”

Reply to Luger, “Why Is It So Hard to Find Persistent Borreliella burgdorferi?”

Renegade Bacterial Genetic Sequences in a Stealth Adapted Virus: Biological and Diagnostic Implications

Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease spirochete, possesses genetically-encoded responses to doxycycline, but not to amoxicillin

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