Borrelia transfer by ticks during their life cycle

Stanek, Gerold; Burger, Ingrid; Hirschl, Alexander M.; Wewalka, G.; Radda, A.

doi:10.1016/s0176-6724(86)80098-0

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In this context, it should be noted that viable Borrelia isolates were obtained, in very rare cases, from unfed Ixodes ricinus larvae collected in North Africa (Younsi et al 2001), Amblyomma americanum in the United States (Schulze et al 1986), and Ixodes persulcatus in Russia (Gorelova, unpublished). Single isolates were also derived from the biopsies or blood of laboratory animals used as hosts for I. ricinus larvae collected in natural foci (Stanek et al 1986, Hammer et al 2002 or engorged larvae from the progenies of ticks infected in the laboratory (Krampitz 1986). Using dark-field microscopy, live Borrelia were detected in the unfed larvae of the following tick species: Ixodes scapularis (Bosler et al 1983, Piesman et al 1986), A. americanum (Schulze et al 1986, I. ricinus (Hubálek and Halouzka 1998), and I. persulcatus Grigor'eva 1997, Balashov et al 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the transovarial transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the taiga tick Ixodes persulcatus

Нефедова¹,

Éi²,

Горелова³

et al. 2004

FOLIA PARASIT

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Abstract. The possibility of vertical transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes persulcatus Schulze, 1930 ticks was studied in the progeny of 20 females collected from the vegetation in an active focus of ixodid tick-borne borrelioses (ITBB) located in the Perm oblast, Russia, where Borrelia garinii and B. afzelii are circulating. The presence of Borrelia DNA was detected by the PCR method after feeding and egg laying in 16 engorged females (80.0%), as well as in 36.5 ± 7.2% samples containing 20 eggs each and in 21.4 ± 4.2% samples containing 10 eggs each. The respective rates of individual egg infection were 0.4−8.0% and 0.5−23.0%. PCR analysis of 370 eggs (one egg per sample) and 781 unfed larvae hatched from the same egg masses (1, 10, 20, 40, and 50 larvae per sample) failed to reveal the presence of Borrelia DNA. Negative results were also obtained in experiments on inoculating the BSK II medium with the egg and larval materials. Microscopic analysis of 1,683 smear preparations of eggs and 1,416 preparations of unfed daughter larvae revealed spirochete-like cells in 7 (0.4 ± 0.3%) and 13 (0.9 ± 0.5%) preparations, respectively; typical Borrelia cells were found in seven preparations of larvae (0.5 ± 0.4%). Only 1 out of 16 infected females transmitted Borrelia vertically, through the eggs to the larval progeny. The infection rate in this progeny was about 7%, and the prevalence of Borrelia in individual larvae was 0.4−0.8 cells per 100 microscopic fields. These data do not allow the conclusion that transovarial transmission of B. burgdorferi sensu lato in the I. persulcatus tick is an established fact. However, they show that, even if such transmission is possible, its probability is very low.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the transovarial transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the taiga tick Ixodes persulcatus

Нефедова¹,

Éi²,

Горелова³

et al. 2004

FOLIA PARASIT

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“…By contrast, laboratory studies reported transovarial transmission rates of up to 100% from fieldcollected 7. ricinus females and from capillaryinfected ticks , Stanek et al 1986, Monin et al 1989. Those studies included only a small number of ticks and probably do not reflect the transovarial transmission rate in nature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…scapularis (Magnarelli et al 1986), and Ixodes pacificus Cooley & Kohls (Burgdorfer et al 1985, Lane & Burgdorfer 1987, Schoeler & Lane 1993 have shown very low rates of passage of B. burgdorferi from infected females to their progeny (<3%). However, in Europe the transovarial transmission of B. burgdorferi in 7. ricinus is less well known , Stanek et al 1986. In this study, we examined unfed larval 7. ricinus for the presence of B. burgdorferi to determine the infection rate of transovarially infected larvae and the possible role of 7. ricinus adults as reservoirs for the spirochete.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection of Field-Collected Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) Larvae with Borrelia burgdorferi in Switzerland

Zhioua

Aeschlimann

Gern

1994

Journal of Medical Entomology

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Free-living larvae from natural areas in five regions in Switzerland were collected to determine the infection rate of Ixodes ricinus L. larvae by Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson. Larvae were examined for the spirochetes using direct fluorescent antibody assay. Of 652 larvae examined, spirochetes were detected in 20 (3.1%). No differences in infection rate among sites were detected. The low prevalence of B. burgdorferi in larvae, compared with higher infection rate in nymphs (12.8%) and adults (14.5%), suggests that transovarial transmission is inefficient. These results suggest that /. ricinus can serve as a reservoir for B. burgdorferi in nature. Further study is needed on the relative importance of ticks, compared with mammals and birds, as reservoirs for B. burgdorferi.

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“…Transmission of B. burgdorferi from vertebrate to vertebrate depends on blood-feeding arthropods; infected vertebrate hosts are lightly spirochetemic for days to weeks (25,38,42,95,103,154). During this time, the infection may spread to other organs.…”

Section: Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory aspects of Lyme borreliosis

Barbour

1988

Clin Microbiol Rev

129

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Lyme borreliosis (Lyme disease), a common tick-borne disorder of people and domestic animals in North America and Europe, is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Following the discovery and initial propagation of this agent in 1981 came revelations that other tick-associated infectious disorders are but different forms of Lyme borreliosis. A challenge for the clinician and microbiology laboratory is confirmation that a skin rash, a chronic meningitis, an episode of myocarditis, or an arthritic joint is the consequence of B. burgdorferi infection. The diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis may be established by (i) directly observing the spirochete in host fluid or tissue, (ii) recovering the etiologic spirochete from the patient in culture medium or indirectly through inoculation of laboratory animals, or (iii) carrying out serologic tests with the patient's serum or cerebrospinal fluid. The last method, while lacking in discriminatory power, is the most efficacious diagnostic assay for most laboratories at present.

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Borrelia transfer by ticks during their life cycle

Cited by 24 publications

References 2 publications

Studies on the transovarial transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the taiga tick Ixodes persulcatus

Studies on the transovarial transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the taiga tick Ixodes persulcatus

Infection of Field-Collected Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) Larvae with Borrelia burgdorferi in Switzerland

Laboratory aspects of Lyme borreliosis

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