Boronizing effect on the radiation shielding properties of Hardox 450 and Hardox HiTuf steels

Yılmaz, Demet; Aktaş, Bülent; Çalık, Adnan; Aytar, Ömer Bariş

doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.04.019

Cited by 53 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The creation of iron borides on the surface of the steels is one of the most well known boriding processes [7]. Boriding is known to be an effective method to significantly increase the surface hardness and abrasion resistance of metals, non-ferrous, superalloys, and even cermets [8][9][10][11]. The boriding process is a chemical heat treatment that aims to diffuse boron atoms to the sample surface and forms borides with base metal [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yılmaz et al studied the boronizing effect on the radiation shielding properties of Hardox 450 and Hardox HiTuf steels. It was notified that Hardox 450 and Hardox HiTuf steels shielded gamma radiations more effectively with the boronizing process, and also the increasing the boronizing temperature increased the effect of the radiation shielding [10]. Although many surface treatments, such as boriding, have been developed to improve the wear performance of iron and alloys, only a few studies in the literature have focused on determining the wear behavior of the borided hardox steels and the wear mechanisms involved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of pack-boriding on the tribological behavior of Hardox 450 and HiTuf Steels

Aktaş

Toprak

Çalık

et al. 2020

Reviews on Advanced Materials Science

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In this study, Hardox 450 and HiTuf steels were boronized by pack-boriding method at 800, 900, and 1000∘C for 5 h. The phases, microstructure, hardness, and wear behavior of boride layers formed on the surface of samples were investigated using XRD, SEM, Micro-Vickers hardness testers, and a pin-on-disc tribotester, respectively. XRD analysis showed that both FeB and Fe2B phases were formed in the borided area of Hardox 450 steel, but only Fe2B phase occurred in the boride layer of the HiTuf steel. Micro-Vickers hardness results indicated that the hardness values of the boride layer decreased from the column-shaped structure to towards the matrix in both of Hardox 450 and HiTuf steels. Furthermore, the wear test results showed the coefficients of friction (COF) decreased significantly in the borided samples. The COF of the unborided Hardox 450 steel was reduced considerably from 0.29 to 0.02 by boriding treatment. Similarly, the COF of unborided HiTuf steel was significantly diminished from 0.16 to 0.04 by boriding treatment. In conclusion, the results of this study have indicated that the wear resistance of Hardox 450 and HiTuf steels can be improved by pack-boriding.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pack-boriding on the tribological behavior of Hardox 450 and HiTuf Steels

Aktaş

Toprak

Çalık

et al. 2020

Reviews on Advanced Materials Science

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“…When FeB phase occurs, it is formed above the Fe2B phase. As mentioned above, the boriding process is used to enhance surface properties of metallic materials such as corrosion resistance [12,13], hardness [14,15], wear resistance [16][17][18], tribo-corrosion resistance [19,20], and radiation protection [21]. There are many studies in the literature focusing on improving the wear and corrosion resistance of steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wear Behavior of Borided Cold-Rolled High Manganese Steel

Hayat

Sezgin

2021

Coatings

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In this study, a novel high-manganese steel (HMS) was borided at 850, 900 and 950 °C for 2, 4, and 6 h by the pack boriding process. Contrary to previous literature, borided HMS uncommonly exhibited saw-tooth morphology like low alloy steels, and manganese enhanced the boron diffusion. Another striking analysis is that the “egg-shell effect” did not occur. The present study demonstrated the silicon-rich zone for the first time in the literature by EDX mapping. Moreover, the formation mechanism of silicon-rich zones was explained and termed as “compact transfer of silicones (CTS)”. XRD analysis showed the existence of FeB, Fe2B, MnB and SiC phases. The boriding time and temperature increased the thickness of the boride layer from 31.41 μm to 117.65 µm. The hardness of the borided layer ranged from 1120 to 1915 HV0.05. The activation energy of borided HMS was found to be a very low result compared to high alloy steel investigated in the literature. The Daimler-Benz Rockwell-C adhesion test showed that adhesions of borided HMS surfaces are sufficient. The dry sliding wear tests showed that boriding treatment increased the wear resistance of untreated HMS by 5 times. The present study revealed that the boriding process extended the service life of HMS components.

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“…Lead (Pb) and conventional shielding materials (e.g., concrete) are the most common materials utilized to block the damaging radiation in various applications [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Such materials are cheap, abundant, and valid to absorb the damaging radiation [ 8 , 9 ]. However, Pb-based materials have their own associated health hazards [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear Radiation Shielding Characteristics of Some Natural Rocks by Using EPICS2017 Library

et al. 2021

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Radiation leakage is a serious problem in various technological applications. In this paper, radiation shielding characteristics of some natural rocks are elucidated. Mass attenuation coefficients (µ/ρ) of these rocks are obtained at different photon energies with the help of the EPICS2017 library. The obtained µ/ρ values are confirmed via the theoretical XCOM program by determining the correlation factor and relative deviation between both of these methods. Then, effective atomic number (Zeff), absorption length (MFP), and half value layer (HVL) are evaluated by applying the µ/ρ values. The maximum μ/ρ values of the natural rocks were observed at 0.37 MeV. At this energy, the Zeff values of the natural rocks were 16.23, 16.97, 17.28, 10.43, and 16.65 for olivine basalt, jet black granite, limestone, sandstone, and dolerite, respectively. It is noted that the radiation shielding features of the selected natural rocks are higher than that of conventional concrete and comparable with those of commercial glasses. Therefore, the present rocks can be used in various radiation shielding applications, and they have many advantages for being clean and low-cost products. In addition, we found that the EPICS2017 library is useful in determining the radiation shielding parameters for the rocks and may be used for further calculations for other rocks and construction building materials.

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Boronizing effect on the radiation shielding properties of Hardox 450 and Hardox HiTuf steels

Cited by 53 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of pack-boriding on the tribological behavior of Hardox 450 and HiTuf Steels

Effect of pack-boriding on the tribological behavior of Hardox 450 and HiTuf Steels

Wear Behavior of Borided Cold-Rolled High Manganese Steel

Nuclear Radiation Shielding Characteristics of Some Natural Rocks by Using EPICS2017 Library

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