Boron removal from seawater: State-of-the-art review

Effect of operating parameters on boron removal from seawater using membrane distillation process

“…The World Health Organization (WHO) had recommended, for many years, the limit of 0.3 mg/L for boron in drinking water, but this value was revised as 2.4 mg/L in 2011 due to the positive effects of boron on human health [4]. On the other hand, the EU still suggests the maximum limit of boron in drinking water at 1 mg/L [5].…”

Enhanced boron removal by electricity generation in a microbial fuel cell

“…Seawater usually has a boron concentration of~5 mg L −1 , while brackish water contains boron up to 40 mg L −1 [2]. Despite the fact that boron is an essential element for plant growth, when its concentration in the irrigation water exceeds 2 mg L −1 , many plants would exhibit toxicity symptoms [3]. Boron can also be detrimental to animals and humans when being exposed to excessively.…”

“…Other methods such as electrodialysis and electro-flocculation also require high pH to ionize boric acid to the charged form -borate [8][9][10]. The need for high pH in the feed solution will increase the consumption of chemicals such as sodium hydroxide, resulting in higher operating costs [3].…”

Mathematical modeling based evaluation and simulation of boron removal in bioelectrochemical systems

“…(1)) (Kabay and Bryjak, 2015;Guler et al, 2009). However, the alkalization process will increase the consumption of chemicals such as sodium hydroxide, and result in higher cost of desalinated water (Guler et al, 2015).…”

“…Although conventional RO technologies can achieve almost 100% rejection of salt, the rejection of boron by RO is low at 40-70% and often requires post-treatment (Guler et al, 2010;USBR, 2003). The removal of boron is essential due to its toxic effects on plants, animals, and human beings (Guler et al, 2015). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the boron limit in drinking water to be as low as 2.4 mg L −1 (Kabay and Bryjak, 2015), while seawater contains 5 mg L −1 and brackish water has up to 40 mg L −1 of boron.…”